Can intermunicipal spatial planning meet the challenges posed by sustainable development ?
Résumé
In France, by a recent law (03/24/2014), spatial planning is by default based on the intermunicipal scale. Now the reference planning document is the “Intermunicipal Local Urbanism Plan”, which gathers both hard and strategic planning to plan wide spaces (about 15 municipalities). In addition to its traditional purposes, this tool is meant to contain and coordinate many public policies ; it can replace some strategic planning documents and treat issues such as housing or transport. Many planners welcomed this major institutional innovation, as the intermunicipal scale is seen as the most relevant one to treat sustainable development issues. However, the drafting process of this document is quite a challenge. Given this complex power game, between the state and the mayors and among mayors, we can wonder if intermunicipal urban planning will be able to meet the spatial planning issues previously described, and particularly sustainable development issues which imply a compelling land-use plan. To throw some light on this debate and try to describe what lies ahead for the french spatial planning system, it is necessary to show first that intermunicipal urban planning is not a revolution suddenly implemented by the state, but grows out of a slow evolution. Then, we will discuss the three major aspects of the intermunicipal land-use plan (PLUi), namely the scale, the gathering of public policies into a single plan and the governance, which can be considered as much an advantage over previous municipal land-use plans as a weakness.
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