Urbanization impact on sulfur content of groundwater revealed by the study of urban speleothem-like deposits. Case study in Paris, France
Edwige Pons-Branchu
(1, 2)
,
Matthieu Roy-Barman
(1, 3)
,
Liliane Jean-Soro
(4)
,
André Guillerme
(5)
,
Philippe Branchu
(6)
,
Mathieu Fernandez
(5)
,
Emmanuel Dumont
(7)
,
Eric Douville
(1, 2)
,
Jean-Luc Michelot
(8)
,
Andy Phillips
(9)
1
LSCE -
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
2 GEOTRAC - Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie
3 GEDI - Géochimie Des Impacts
4 IFSTTAR/GERS/EE - Eau et Environnement
5 HT2S - Histoire des technosciences en société
6 TEAM - Transferts et interactions liés à l'eau en milieu construit
7 LC - Laboratoire de Chimie - UMR5182
8 IDES - Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface
9 GNS Science [Lower Hutt]
2 GEOTRAC - Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie
3 GEDI - Géochimie Des Impacts
4 IFSTTAR/GERS/EE - Eau et Environnement
5 HT2S - Histoire des technosciences en société
6 TEAM - Transferts et interactions liés à l'eau en milieu construit
7 LC - Laboratoire de Chimie - UMR5182
8 IDES - Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface
9 GNS Science [Lower Hutt]
Edwige Pons-Branchu
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 181174
- IdHAL : edwige-pons-branchu
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7941-3144
- IdRef : 067287085
Matthieu Roy-Barman
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 734691
- IdHAL : matthieu-roy-barman
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3986-4549
Mathieu Fernandez
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 745116
- IdHAL : mathieu-fernandez
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0079-064X
Eric Douville
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 181282
- IdHAL : eric-douville
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6673-1768
- IdRef : 171629655
Résumé
Speleothem-like deposits that develop underground in urban areas are an archive of the environmental impact of anthropic activities that has been little studied so far. In this paper, the sulfate content in shallow groundwater from northern Paris (France) is compared with the sulfur content in two 300-year-old urban carbonate deposits that grew in a historical underground aqueduct. The present-day waters of the aqueduct have very high sulfur and calcium contents, suggesting pollution from gypsum dissolution. However, geological gypsum levels are located below the water table. Sulfur content was measured by micro-X-ray fluorescence in these very S-rich carbonate deposits (0.5 to 1% of S). A twofold S increase during the second half of the 1800s was found in both samples. These dates correspond to two major periods of urbanization above the site. We discus three possible S sources: anthropic sources (industries, fertilizers…), volcanic eruptions and input within the water through gypsum brought for urbanization above the studied site (backfill with quarry waste) since the middle of the 19th century. For the younger second half of the studied section, S input from gypsum brought during urbanization was confirmed by the study of isotopic sulfur composition (δ34S = + 15.2‰ at the top). For the oldest part, several sulfur peaks could be related to early industrial activity in Paris, that caused high local air pollution, as reported in historical archives but also to historical gypsum extraction. This study provides information on the origin and timing of the very high SO42 − levels measured nowadays within the shallow groundwater, thus demonstrating the interest in using carbonate deposits in urban areas as a proxy for the history of urbanization or human activities and their impact on water bodies.
Domaines
Océan, Atmosphère Interfaces continentales, environnement Histoire, Philosophie et Sociologie des sciencesFormat du dépôt | Fichier |
---|---|
Type de dépôt | Article dans une revue |
Titre |
en
Urbanization impact on sulfur content of groundwater revealed by the study of urban speleothem-like deposits. Case study in Paris, France
|
Résumé |
en
Speleothem-like deposits that develop underground in urban areas are an archive of the environmental impact of anthropic activities that has been little studied so far. In this paper, the sulfate content in shallow groundwater from northern Paris (France) is compared with the sulfur content in two 300-year-old urban carbonate deposits that grew in a historical underground aqueduct. The present-day waters of the aqueduct have very high sulfur and calcium contents, suggesting pollution from gypsum dissolution. However, geological gypsum levels are located below the water table. Sulfur content was measured by micro-X-ray fluorescence in these very S-rich carbonate deposits (0.5 to 1% of S). A twofold S increase during the second half of the 1800s was found in both samples. These dates correspond to two major periods of urbanization above the site. We discus three possible S sources: anthropic sources (industries, fertilizers…), volcanic eruptions and input within the water through gypsum brought for urbanization above the studied site (backfill with quarry waste) since the middle of the 19th century. For the younger second half of the studied section, S input from gypsum brought during urbanization was confirmed by the study of isotopic sulfur composition (δ34S = + 15.2‰ at the top). For the oldest part, several sulfur peaks could be related to early industrial activity in Paris, that caused high local air pollution, as reported in historical archives but also to historical gypsum extraction. This study provides information on the origin and timing of the very high SO42 − levels measured nowadays within the shallow groundwater, thus demonstrating the interest in using carbonate deposits in urban areas as a proxy for the history of urbanization or human activities and their impact on water bodies.
|
Auteur(s) |
Edwige Pons-Branchu
1, 2
, Matthieu Roy-Barman
1, 3
, Liliane Jean-Soro
4
, André Guillerme
5
, Philippe Branchu
6
, Mathieu Fernandez
5
, Emmanuel Dumont
7
, Eric Douville
1, 2
, Jean-Luc Michelot
8
, Andy Phillips
9
1
LSCE -
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
( 518 )
- Bât. 12,
avenue de la Terrasse,
F-91198 GIF-SUR-YVETTE CEDEX
- France
2
GEOTRAC -
Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie
( 578523 )
- LSCE. CEA Paris-Saclay. Orme des merisiers. 91190 Saint-Aubin.
- France
3
GEDI -
Géochimie Des Impacts
( 1007948 )
- LSCE. CEA Paris-Saclay. Orme des merisiers. 91190 Saint-Aubin.
- France
4
IFSTTAR/GERS/EE -
Eau et Environnement
( 221989 )
- Centre de Nantes Route de Bouaye - BP 4129 44341 Bouguenais Cedex
- France
5
HT2S -
Histoire des technosciences en société
( 261005 )
- HT2S-Cnam, Case 1LAB10, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris
- France
6
TEAM -
Transferts et interactions liés à l'eau en milieu construit
( 1170591 )
- France
7
LC -
Laboratoire de Chimie - UMR5182
( 663 )
- Ens de Lyon, Site Jacques Monod - 46 allée d'Italie - 69364 Lyon cedex 07
- France
8
IDES -
Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface
( 2090 )
- Dépt. des sciences de la terre Bâtiments 504 & 509 91405 ORSAY CEDEX
- France
9
GNS Science [Lower Hutt]
( 109512 )
- 1 Fairway Dr, Avalon, Lower Hutt 5011
- Nouvelle-Zélande
|
Licence |
Paternité - Pas d'utilisation commerciale
|
Langue du document |
Anglais
|
Nom de la revue |
|
Vulgarisation |
Non
|
Comité de lecture |
Oui
|
Audience |
Internationale
|
Date de publication |
2017
|
Numéro |
579
|
Page/Identifiant |
124-132
|
Domaine(s) |
|
Mots-clés |
en
Speleothems, Sulfur, δ34S, Groundwater, Urbanization, Aqueduct
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.234 |
Origine :
Fichiers produits par l'(les) auteur(s)
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