Local governance about nature in France : NGO’s to the test of data transparency
Résumé
Produce mainly from the NGO’s activity, naturalist data are necessary to carry out in the policy in favor of biodiversity conservation. Since the French ratification of Aarhus convention, in 2002, these data are submit to the rules of transparency in order to improve environmental governance. However, this measure sets off hesitation and conflict among NGO’s data producer. We will highlight the reason why spreading data is problematic for NGO’s eventhough it’s communication is necessary in struggle against extinction of biodiversity. Our research based on a socio-anthropological approach which combines an analysis of schemes and NGO’s qualitative survey, will focus especially on three aspects. The first one will concern the building process of common norms which require to NGO’s by regional and national schemes which standardize and delocalize product of naturalist knowledge. The second one will deal with the particular characteristics of naturalist sciences which are field sciences and give the volunteer people the main place inside the data production process. Lastly we will examine the legitimacy claimed by NGO’s : scientific competence but also the authentic and sustainable links set with a close territory. We will argue that access and share of data raise a lot of debates inside the NGO’s about intellectual property of data, about their use, about the role played by NGO’s in their own territory at the time they are ordered to be more professional. Moreover, data rationalization works to reconstruct relationship between stakeholders of the naturalist sphere changing by this way the governance of territory. This one, when it deals with data standardization gets into network plenty of partners as NGO’s or public powers but also data producers and users. It highlights too the strong links between knowledge issue and power relations.
Domaines
Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]
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2013_Pierre alphandery_ERSA_1.ppt ( 907.61 Ko
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2013_Pierre alphandery_ERSA_2.ppt ( 1.32 Mo
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