Holocene fires in the central European lowlands and the role of humans
Elisabeth Dietze
(1)
,
Martin Theuerkauf
(2)
,
Karolina Bloom
,
Achim Brauer
(1)
,
Walter Dörfler
(3)
,
Ingo Feeser
(3)
,
Angelica Feurdean
(4)
,
Laura Gedminienė
(5)
,
Thomas Giesecke
(6)
,
Susanne Jahns
(7)
,
Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek
(8)
,
Piotr Kołaczek
(8)
,
Mariusz Lamentowicz
(9)
,
Małgorzata Latałowa
(10)
,
Katarzyna Marcisz
(11)
,
Milena Obremska
(12)
,
Anna Pędziszewska
(10)
,
Anneli Poska
(13)
,
Kira Rehfeld
(14)
,
Normunds Stivrins
(15)
,
Joanna Święta-Musznicka
(10)
,
Marta Szal
(16)
,
Jüri Vassiljew
,
Siim Veski
(17)
,
Agnieszka Wacnik
(18)
,
Dawid Weisbrodt
(19)
,
Julian Wiethold
(20, 21)
,
Michał Słowiński
(22)
1
GFZ -
German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam
2 Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology
3 Institut fûr Ur- und Frühgeschichte
4 BIK-F - Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum
5 Nature Research Centre [Vilnius]
6 Albrecht-von-Haller Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften
7 Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum
8 Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation
9 Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring
10 Department of Plant Ecology, Gdansk University
11 Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences
12 Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences
13 Institute of Geology
14 IUP - Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg]
15 Department of Geography [Riga]
16 Department of Palaeobotany, Institute of Biology
17 Institute of Geology at Tallinn
18 W. Szafer Institute of Botany
19 Institute of Geography
20 Inrap - Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives
21 ARTeHiS - Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon]
22 Department of Geoecology and Climatology, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization
2 Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology
3 Institut fûr Ur- und Frühgeschichte
4 BIK-F - Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum
5 Nature Research Centre [Vilnius]
6 Albrecht-von-Haller Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften
7 Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum
8 Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation
9 Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring
10 Department of Plant Ecology, Gdansk University
11 Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences
12 Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences
13 Institute of Geology
14 IUP - Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg]
15 Department of Geography [Riga]
16 Department of Palaeobotany, Institute of Biology
17 Institute of Geology at Tallinn
18 W. Szafer Institute of Botany
19 Institute of Geography
20 Inrap - Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives
21 ARTeHiS - Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon]
22 Department of Geoecology and Climatology, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization
Elisabeth Dietze
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1035658
Martin Theuerkauf
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 792390
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4033-3040
Karolina Bloom
- Fonction : Auteur
Angelica Feurdean
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 770638
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2497-3005
Mariusz Lamentowicz
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 761855
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0429-1530
Katarzyna Marcisz
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 773164
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2655-9729
Jüri Vassiljew
- Fonction : Auteur
Julian Wiethold
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 9893
- IdHAL : julian-wiethold
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6092-7009
- IdRef : 119085445
Michał Słowiński
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 775922
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3011-2682
Résumé
A major debate concerns the questions of when and to what extent humans affected regional landscapes, especially land cover and associated geomorphological dynamics, significantly beyond natural variability. Fire is both, a natural component of many climate zones and ecosystems around the globe and also closely related to human land cover change. Humans clearly affected natural fire regimes and landscapes in the most recent centuries, acting as prime ignition triggers and later fire suppressors, while Holocene trends in sedimentary charcoal have been mainly associated with climatic factors and partly with Neolithic land cover change. However, little is known since when Paleolithic to Neolithic fire use affected natural landscapes beyond small spatial and temporal scales. Here, we discuss onset and extent of human-driven fires superimposed on natural Holocene landscape transformation for the central European lowlands (CEL), a landscape of low natural flammability and long human history. We present composites of sedimentary charcoal records as new human impact proxies for periods when natural conditions (climate and vegetation) limited wildfires. Together with climate model output and land cover reconstructions from pollen, we find that fire was naturally important only during the early Holocene. The onset of human-driven fires beyond natural fires appeared scale-dependent. Sub-regional fire maxima indicate fire use by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, already 8,500 years ago. Regionally, fire marks the Neolithisation onset at ∼6,500 years (western CEL) and ∼4,000 years ago (eastern CEL). During the last millennium, farming intensification drove fire up to early Holocene levels across all CEL. Fire activity reduced only in the highly fragmented landscape of northern Germany during the last centuries. As compilations of soil erosion records even mirror Holocene fire trends, we conclude that past human land cover change could have affected sub-regional landscapes more and earlier than previously thought.
Domaines
Sciences de l'environnement Environnement et Société Biodiversité et Ecologie Sciences de l'Homme et SociétéFormat du dépôt | Notice |
---|---|
Type de dépôt | Communication dans un congrès |
Résumé |
en
A major debate concerns the questions of when and to what extent humans affected regional landscapes, especially land cover and associated geomorphological dynamics, significantly beyond natural variability. Fire is both, a natural component of many climate zones and ecosystems around the globe and also closely related to human land cover change. Humans clearly affected natural fire regimes and landscapes in the most recent centuries, acting as prime ignition triggers and later fire suppressors, while Holocene trends in sedimentary charcoal have been mainly associated with climatic factors and partly with Neolithic land cover change. However, little is known since when Paleolithic to Neolithic fire use affected natural landscapes beyond small spatial and temporal scales. Here, we discuss onset and extent of human-driven fires superimposed on natural Holocene landscape transformation for the central European lowlands (CEL), a landscape of low natural flammability and long human history. We present composites of sedimentary charcoal records as new human impact proxies for periods when natural conditions (climate and vegetation) limited wildfires. Together with climate model output and land cover reconstructions from pollen, we find that fire was naturally important only during the early Holocene. The onset of human-driven fires beyond natural fires appeared scale-dependent. Sub-regional fire maxima indicate fire use by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, already 8,500 years ago. Regionally, fire marks the Neolithisation onset at ∼6,500 years (western CEL) and ∼4,000 years ago (eastern CEL). During the last millennium, farming intensification drove fire up to early Holocene levels across all CEL. Fire activity reduced only in the highly fragmented landscape of northern Germany during the last centuries. As compilations of soil erosion records even mirror Holocene fire trends, we conclude that past human land cover change could have affected sub-regional landscapes more and earlier than previously thought.
|
Titre |
en
Holocene fires in the central European lowlands and the role of humans
|
Auteur(s) |
Elisabeth Dietze
1
, Martin Theuerkauf
2
, Karolina Bloom
, Achim Brauer
1
, Walter Dörfler
3
, Ingo Feeser
3
, Angelica Feurdean
4
, Laura Gedminienė
5
, Thomas Giesecke
6
, Susanne Jahns
7
, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek
8
, Piotr Kołaczek
8
, Mariusz Lamentowicz
9
, Małgorzata Latałowa
10
, Katarzyna Marcisz
11
, Milena Obremska
12
, Anna Pędziszewska
10
, Anneli Poska
13
, Kira Rehfeld
14
, Normunds Stivrins
15
, Joanna Święta-Musznicka
10
, Marta Szal
16
, Jüri Vassiljew
, Siim Veski
17
, Agnieszka Wacnik
18
, Dawid Weisbrodt
19
, Julian Wiethold
20, 21
, Michał Słowiński
22
1
GFZ -
German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam
( 239972 )
- Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam
- Allemagne
2
Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology
( 63967 )
- Allemagne
3
Institut fûr Ur- und Frühgeschichte
( 540846 )
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel
Olshausenstr. 40-60
24098 Kiel
Allemagne
- Allemagne
4
BIK-F -
Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum
( 227404 )
- Georg-Voigt-Straße 14-16
D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Allemagne
5
Nature Research Centre [Vilnius]
( 540854 )
- Vilnius
- Lituanie
6
Albrecht-von-Haller Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften
( 540843 )
- Göttingen
- Allemagne
7
Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum
( 540844 )
- Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum
Ortsteil Wünsdorf
Wünsdorfer Platz 4–5
D-15806 Zossen
- Allemagne
8
Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation
( 540855 )
- Pologne
9
Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring
( 443471 )
- Pologne
10
Department of Plant Ecology, Gdansk University
( 72277 )
- Al. Legionow 9 80-441 GDANSK
- Pologne
11
Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences
( 538395 )
- Pologne
12
Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences
( 177829 )
- 31-002 Kraków, ul Senacka 1
- Pologne
13
Institute of Geology
( 229772 )
- University of Bern, Bern
- Suisse
14
IUP -
Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg]
( 457988 )
- Im Neuenheimer Feld 229 , D-69120 Heidelberg
- Allemagne
15
Department of Geography [Riga]
( 540856 )
- Lettonie
16
Department of Palaeobotany, Institute of Biology
( 540857 )
- Pologne
17
Institute of Geology at Tallinn
( 408961 )
- University of Technology,
Ehitajate 5,
19086 Tallinn
- Estonie
18
W. Szafer Institute of Botany
( 473202 )
- 31-512 Kraków, ul. Lubicz 46
- Pologne
19
Institute of Geography
( 540858 )
- Pologne
20
Inrap -
Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives
( 301475 )
- 121 rue d'Alésia
75014 Paris
- France
21
ARTeHiS -
Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon]
( 184759 )
- Université de Bourgogne - 6, Bd. Gabriel - 21000 Dijon
- France
22
Department of Geoecology and Climatology, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization
( 538403 )
- Pologne
|
Vulgarisation |
Non
|
Langue du document |
Anglais
|
Comité de lecture |
Oui
|
Ville |
Vienna
|
Titre du congrès |
European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2018, 8-13 april 2018, Vienna,
|
Date début congrès |
2018-04-08
|
Audience |
Internationale
|
Actes |
Non
|
Invité |
Non
|
Pays |
Autriche
|
Référence interne |
|
Domaine(s) |
|
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