Permafrost conditions in the Mediterranean region since the Last Glaciation
M. Oliva
(1)
,
M. Žebre
(2)
,
M. Guglielmin
(3)
,
P. Hughes
(4)
,
A. Ciner
(5)
,
G. Vieira
(6)
,
Xavier Bodin
(7)
,
Nahuel Andrés
(8)
,
R.R. Colucci
,
C. Garcia-Hernandez
(9)
,
C. Mora
(10)
,
J. Nofre
,
D. Palacios
,
A. Pérez-Alberti
,
A. Ribolini
,
J. Ruiz-Fernández
,
M. Sarikaya
(5)
,
E. Serrano
,
P. Urdea
,
M. Valcárcel
,
C. Woodward
,
C. Yildirim
(5)
1
University of Barcelona
2 GeoZS - Geological Survey of Slovenia
3 Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences [Insubria]
4 University of Manchester [Manchester]
5 AYBE - Avrasya Yer Bilimleri Enstitüsü = Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences [Istanbul]
6 ULISBOA - Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon
7 EDYTEM - Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne
8 UCM - Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid]
9 University of Oviedo
10 LPS - Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS
2 GeoZS - Geological Survey of Slovenia
3 Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences [Insubria]
4 University of Manchester [Manchester]
5 AYBE - Avrasya Yer Bilimleri Enstitüsü = Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences [Istanbul]
6 ULISBOA - Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon
7 EDYTEM - Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne
8 UCM - Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid]
9 University of Oviedo
10 LPS - Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS
G. Vieira
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 757227
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7611-3464
Xavier Bodin
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 8103
- IdHAL : xbodin
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6245-4030
- IdRef : 120534525
R.R. Colucci
- Fonction : Auteur
J. Nofre
- Fonction : Auteur
D. Palacios
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 764290
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6777-1676
A. Pérez-Alberti
- Fonction : Auteur
A. Ribolini
- Fonction : Auteur
J. Ruiz-Fernández
- Fonction : Auteur
E. Serrano
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 758500
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9760-3876
P. Urdea
- Fonction : Auteur
M. Valcárcel
- Fonction : Auteur
C. Woodward
- Fonction : Auteur
Résumé
The relatively warm climate conditions prevailing today in the Mediterranean region limit cold geomorphological processes only to the highest mountain environments. However, climate variability during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene has led to significant spatio-temporal variations of the glacial and periglacial domain in these mountains, including permafrost conditions.
Here, we examine the distribution and evolution of permafrost in the Mediterranean region considering five time periods: Last Glaciation, deglaciation, Holocene, Little Ice Age (LIA) and present-day.
The distribution of inactive permafrost-derived features as well as sedimentary records indicates that the elevation limit of permafrost during the Last Glaciation was between 1000 m and even 2000 m lower than present. Permafrost was also widespread in non-glaciated slopes above the snowline forming rock glaciers and block streams, as well as meter-sized stone circles in relatively flat summit areas. As in most of the Northern Hemisphere, the onset of deglaciation in the Mediterranean region started around 19-20 ka. The ice-free terrain left by retreating glaciers was subject to paraglacial activity and intense periglacial processes under permafrost conditions. Many rock glaciers, protalus lobes and block streams formed in these recently deglaciated environments, though most of them became gradually inactive as temperatures kept rising, especially those at lower altitudes. Following the Younger Dryas glacial advance, the Early Holocene saw the last massive deglaciation in Mediterranean mountains accompanied by a progressive shift of permafrost conditions to higher elevations. It is unlikely that air temperatures recorded in Mediterranean mountains during the Holocene favoured the existence of widespread permafrost regimes, with the only exception of the highest massifs exceeding 2500-3000 m. LIA colder climate promoted a minor glacial advance and the spatial expansion of permafrost, with the development of new protalus lobes and rock glaciers in the highest massifs. Finally, post-LIA warming has led to glacial retreat/disappearance, enhanced paraglacial activity, shift of periglacial processes to higher elevations, degradation of alpine permafrost along with geoecological changes.
Domaines
Milieux et Changements globaux Biodiversité et Ecologie Ingénierie de l'environnement Environnement et Société GéographieFormat du dépôt | Notice |
---|---|
Type de dépôt | Article dans une revue |
Résumé |
en
The relatively warm climate conditions prevailing today in the Mediterranean region limit cold geomorphological processes only to the highest mountain environments. However, climate variability during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene has led to significant spatio-temporal variations of the glacial and periglacial domain in these mountains, including permafrost conditions.
Here, we examine the distribution and evolution of permafrost in the Mediterranean region considering five time periods: Last Glaciation, deglaciation, Holocene, Little Ice Age (LIA) and present-day.
The distribution of inactive permafrost-derived features as well as sedimentary records indicates that the elevation limit of permafrost during the Last Glaciation was between 1000 m and even 2000 m lower than present. Permafrost was also widespread in non-glaciated slopes above the snowline forming rock glaciers and block streams, as well as meter-sized stone circles in relatively flat summit areas. As in most of the Northern Hemisphere, the onset of deglaciation in the Mediterranean region started around 19-20 ka. The ice-free terrain left by retreating glaciers was subject to paraglacial activity and intense periglacial processes under permafrost conditions. Many rock glaciers, protalus lobes and block streams formed in these recently deglaciated environments, though most of them became gradually inactive as temperatures kept rising, especially those at lower altitudes. Following the Younger Dryas glacial advance, the Early Holocene saw the last massive deglaciation in Mediterranean mountains accompanied by a progressive shift of permafrost conditions to higher elevations. It is unlikely that air temperatures recorded in Mediterranean mountains during the Holocene favoured the existence of widespread permafrost regimes, with the only exception of the highest massifs exceeding 2500-3000 m. LIA colder climate promoted a minor glacial advance and the spatial expansion of permafrost, with the development of new protalus lobes and rock glaciers in the highest massifs. Finally, post-LIA warming has led to glacial retreat/disappearance, enhanced paraglacial activity, shift of periglacial processes to higher elevations, degradation of alpine permafrost along with geoecological changes.
|
Titre |
en
Permafrost conditions in the Mediterranean region since the Last Glaciation
|
Auteur(s) |
M. Oliva
1
, M. Žebre
2
, M. Guglielmin
3
, P. Hughes
4
, A. Ciner
5
, G. Vieira
6
, Xavier Bodin
7
, Nahuel Andrés
8
, R.R. Colucci
, C. Garcia-Hernandez
9
, C. Mora
10
, J. Nofre
, D. Palacios
, A. Pérez-Alberti
, A. Ribolini
, J. Ruiz-Fernández
, M. Sarikaya
5
, E. Serrano
, P. Urdea
, M. Valcárcel
, C. Woodward
, C. Yildirim
5
1
University of Barcelona
( 417362 )
- Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007 Barcelona
- Espagne
2
GeoZS -
Geological Survey of Slovenia
( 316352 )
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovénie
3
Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences [Insubria]
( 413113 )
- Via Mazzini 5, 21100 Varese,
- Italie
4
University of Manchester [Manchester]
( 121172 )
- Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL
- Royaume-Uni
5
AYBE -
Avrasya Yer Bilimleri Enstitüsü = Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences [Istanbul]
( 133528 )
- Istanbul Technical University, Eurasian Institute of Earth Sciences, 34469 Sarıyer Maslak, Istanbul
- Turquie
6
ULISBOA -
Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon
( 300565 )
- Portugal
7
EDYTEM -
Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne
( 20150 )
- Université de Savoie, Campus scientifique, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac cedex
- France
8
UCM -
Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid]
( 48181 )
- Avda. de Séneca, 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid
- Espagne
9
University of Oviedo
( 379606 )
- Espagne
10
LPS -
Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS
( 541689 )
- 24 rue Lhomond 75231 PARIS Cedex 05
- France
|
Page/Identifiant |
397 - 436
|
Volume |
185
|
Date de publication |
2018-10
|
Audience |
Internationale
|
Langue du document |
Anglais
|
Nom de la revue |
|
Vulgarisation |
Non
|
Comité de lecture |
Oui
|
Financement |
|
Domaine(s) |
|
Référence interne |
|
Mots-clés |
en
Last Glacial Maximum, Holocene, deglaciation, permafrost, Mediterranean region
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.06.018 |
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