Earthern architectures and Megalithism: the Soto monument (Senegal)
Adrien Delvoye
(1)
,
Khady Thiaw
(2)
,
Marylise Onfray
(3)
,
Matar Ndiaye
(2)
,
Philippe Gouézin
(4)
,
N'Diaye Abdoulaye
(5)
,
Vivien Mathé
(6)
,
Thioro Bâ
(2)
,
Christian Camerlynck
(7)
,
Adrien Camus
(6)
,
Philippe Boulinguiez
(8)
,
Leonor Rocha
(9)
,
Pierre Lamotte
,
Aziz Ballouche
(10)
,
Hamady Bocoum
(11)
,
Luc Laporte
(4)
1
ArScAn -
Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité
2 UCAD - Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar [Sénégal]
3 Trajectoires - UMR 8215
4 CReAAH - Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire
5 IFAN - Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire
6 LIENSs - LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés
7 SU - Sorbonne Université
8 Inrap - Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives
9 University of Évora [Portugal]
10 LETG - Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554
11 Musée des Civilisations Noires (Dakar, Sénégal)
2 UCAD - Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar [Sénégal]
3 Trajectoires - UMR 8215
4 CReAAH - Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire
5 IFAN - Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire
6 LIENSs - LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés
7 SU - Sorbonne Université
8 Inrap - Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives
9 University of Évora [Portugal]
10 LETG - Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554
11 Musée des Civilisations Noires (Dakar, Sénégal)
Marylise Onfray
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 21971
- IdHAL : marylise-onfray
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8268-8675
- IdRef : 181019671
Matar Ndiaye
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 780871
- ORCID : 0009-0001-0747-7296
Vivien Mathé
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 6891
- IdHAL : vivien-mathe
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8247-0158
- IdRef : 077869818
Philippe Boulinguiez
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1052275
Pierre Lamotte
- Fonction : Auteur
Aziz Ballouche
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 5815
- IdHAL : aziz-ballouche
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7804-3404
- IdRef : 093375948
Luc Laporte
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 740752
- IdHAL : luc-laporte
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3476-1145
- IdRef : 052208028
Résumé
Since 2015, archaeological research carried outon the site of Soto (Kaffrine region, Senegal -L. Laporte and H. Bocoum, dir.) shed new light at funerary tumulistructures (Mbaanar) so far little studied. Among all acceptionsthe term Mbaanarcovers, many of them are materializedin the landscape by discretemounds of less than fifty centimetersin height. Very few exampleshave a frontal stone erected ontheireastside, as it is the case in Soto. On the eastern periphery of the tumulus, a protohistoric ground level is indicated by a crown of laterite gravel. A broad depression in its center indicates the initial location of the lyre stone. Extracted in 1964, this stone with central tenon is now exposed and integrated into the collections of the Musée du Quai Branly (Paris, France). Geophysical sur-veys conducted at Soto had highlighted a «clay anomaly» in the centerof the monument. This one is surrounded by a discontinuous peripheral ditch and some hollow structures. Extensive excavationsthen made it possible to revealthe entirety of a monumental earthen architecture of about 25 m in diameter and at least 1.5 m high. This oval-shaped monument iserected at thecenter of a large circular pit and issurrounded by several more or less continuous peripheral ditches. The structure of the monument testifies to an ela-borate architectural project and a mastery of mud construction techniques. A geoarchaeological study is actually in progress, in parti-cular to specify construction techniques and identify possible collapsed parts of the earthen architecture. His central part is made of a yellow earth core, probably surrounded by a palisade of about 10m in diameter whichmay have initiallycovered the funerarylevels. Then, several beds of raw earth placed at the top coverthe entire structure, appearing as many successive steps. On one of them, a spearhead had been planted vertically. For the first time in West Africa, this multidisciplinary work reveals a completely unsuspected monument in size and shapewhere many had previously seen only small sand hills. This somehow well-hidden ostentation is here associated with a more classic megalithic element, now exposed to the sight of millions of visitors.
Domaines
Archéologie et PréhistoireFormat du dépôt | Notice |
---|---|
Type de dépôt | Poster de conférence |
Titre |
en
Earthern architectures and Megalithism: the Soto monument (Senegal)
|
Résumé |
en
Since 2015, archaeological research carried outon the site of Soto (Kaffrine region, Senegal -L. Laporte and H. Bocoum, dir.) shed new light at funerary tumulistructures (Mbaanar) so far little studied. Among all acceptionsthe term Mbaanarcovers, many of them are materializedin the landscape by discretemounds of less than fifty centimetersin height. Very few exampleshave a frontal stone erected ontheireastside, as it is the case in Soto. On the eastern periphery of the tumulus, a protohistoric ground level is indicated by a crown of laterite gravel. A broad depression in its center indicates the initial location of the lyre stone. Extracted in 1964, this stone with central tenon is now exposed and integrated into the collections of the Musée du Quai Branly (Paris, France). Geophysical sur-veys conducted at Soto had highlighted a «clay anomaly» in the centerof the monument. This one is surrounded by a discontinuous peripheral ditch and some hollow structures. Extensive excavationsthen made it possible to revealthe entirety of a monumental earthen architecture of about 25 m in diameter and at least 1.5 m high. This oval-shaped monument iserected at thecenter of a large circular pit and issurrounded by several more or less continuous peripheral ditches. The structure of the monument testifies to an ela-borate architectural project and a mastery of mud construction techniques. A geoarchaeological study is actually in progress, in parti-cular to specify construction techniques and identify possible collapsed parts of the earthen architecture. His central part is made of a yellow earth core, probably surrounded by a palisade of about 10m in diameter whichmay have initiallycovered the funerarylevels. Then, several beds of raw earth placed at the top coverthe entire structure, appearing as many successive steps. On one of them, a spearhead had been planted vertically. For the first time in West Africa, this multidisciplinary work reveals a completely unsuspected monument in size and shapewhere many had previously seen only small sand hills. This somehow well-hidden ostentation is here associated with a more classic megalithic element, now exposed to the sight of millions of visitors.
|
Auteur(s) |
Adrien Delvoye
1
, Khady Thiaw
2
, Marylise Onfray
3
, Matar Ndiaye
2
, Philippe Gouézin
4
, N'Diaye Abdoulaye
5
, Vivien Mathé
6
, Thioro Bâ
2
, Christian Camerlynck
7
, Adrien Camus
6
, Philippe Boulinguiez
8
, Leonor Rocha
9
, Pierre Lamotte
, Aziz Ballouche
10
, Hamady Bocoum
11
, Luc Laporte
4
1
ArScAn -
Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité
( 1003 )
- MSH Mondes (bâtiment René-Ginouvès). 21, allée de l’Université 92023 NANTERRE Cedex
- France
2
UCAD -
Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar [Sénégal]
( 1175215 )
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar - Rectorat, BP 5005 Dakar-fann
- Sénégal
3
Trajectoires - UMR 8215
( 217516 )
- 9 rue Malher, 75004 Paris
- France
4
CReAAH -
Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire
( 206481 )
- Université de Rennes 1
Bâtiment 24-25 Campus de Beaulieu
263, Avenue du général Leclerc
Campus de Beaulieu
CS 74205 -
35042 Rennes Cedex- France
- France
5
IFAN -
Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire
( 565058 )
- BP 206, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
- Sénégal
6
LIENSs -
LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés
( 154635 )
- Bâtiment Marie Curie Avenue Michel Crépeau 17 042 La Rochelle cx1 - Bâtiment ILE 2, rue Olympe de Gouges 17 000 La Rochelle
- France
7
SU -
Sorbonne Université
( 413221 )
- 21 rue de l’École de médecine - 75006 Paris
- France
8
Inrap -
Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives
( 301475 )
- 121 rue d'Alésia
75014 Paris
- France
9
University of Évora [Portugal]
( 450809 )
- Universidade de Évora | Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7000 Évora
- Portugal
10
LETG -
Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554
( 14266 )
- Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Place Nicolas Copernic 29280 Plouzané
- France
11
Musée des Civilisations Noires (Dakar, Sénégal)
( 1001534 )
- Sénégal
|
Vulgarisation |
Non
|
Langue du document |
Anglais
|
Pays |
France
|
Titre du congrès |
Megaliths of the World International Conference, Historial de la Vendée (France), 9-14 sept. 2019
|
Ville |
Les Lucs-sur-Boulogne
|
Date fin congrès |
2019-09-14
|
Date début congrès |
2019-09-09
|
Actes |
Non
|
Audience |
Internationale
|
Invité |
Non
|
Comité de lecture |
Oui
|
Domaine(s) |
|
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