Skyscrapers and District heating, and inter-related History 1876-1933
Résumé
The aim of this article is to examine the relationship between a new urban and architectural form, the skyscraper, and an equally urban infrastructure, district heating, both of witch were born in the north east United States during the late nineteenth century and then developed in tandem through the 1920s and 1930s. These developments are then compared with those in Europe, where the context was comparatively conservative as regards such innovations, which virtually never occurred together there. Moreover, the finest example there of skyscrapers and district heating planned together, at Villeurbanne near Lyons, is shown to be the direct consequence of American influence.
Cet article a pour but de mettre en relation la création d'une nouvelle forme architecturale et urbaine, le gratte-ciel, avec une nouvelle infrastructure, le chauffage urbain. Apparus simultanément dès 1880 dans les grandes villes d'Amérique du Nord, ils se développent en parallèle. Le chauffage urbain libére des espaces dans les gratte-ciel en réduisant les contraintes techniques et les charges financières. Les cas de New York et de Chicago sont détaillés ainsi que le cas de Villeurbanne en Europe.
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