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            <title xml:lang="fr">Traitement automatique de la saillance</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Salience factors</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">linguistic salience</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">visual salience</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">primordiality principle</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">singularity principle</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">communicative structure</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">quantifying methods</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">principe de primordialité</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">méthodes de quantification</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">principe de singularité</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">structure communicative</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">Facteurs de saillance</term>
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              <p>Salience attracts the attention on a particular discourse entity when hearing an utterance or reading a text. Salience is linked to a wide set of aspects from lexical, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic factors to cognitive factors. Being the starting point of the interpretation process, salience works in close connection with communicative structure. In this article, our main purpose is to show how to tend to a computational model of salience, that can be used for linguistic salience as well as for visual salience. With this aim, we provide a list of factors that contribute to making an entity salient. For a discourse entity, this approach allows us to clarify the links between salience and communicative structure. We define our principles of primordiality and singularity, and we discuss the possible methods to quantify salience that are compatible with these principles. Then we illustrate one of them with a linguistic example and a visual example.</p>
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              <p>Lorsque nous écoutons un énoncé ou que nous lisons un texte, les phénomènes de saillance accaparent notre attention sur une entité du discours particulière. Cette notion de saillance comprend un grand nombre d'aspects, incluant des facteurs lexicaux, syntaxiques, sémantiques, pragmatiques, ou encore cognitifs. En tant que point de départ de l'interprétation du langage, la saillance fonctionne de pair avec la structure communicative. Dans cet article, notre but principal est de montrer comment aboutir à un modèle computationnel de la saillance, qui soit valable aussi bien pour la saillance linguistique que pour la saillance visuelle. Pour cela, nous retenons une liste de facteurs qui contribuent à rendre saillante une entité. Dans le cas d'une entité du discours, cette approche nous permet de clarifier les rapports entre saillance et structure communicative. Nous définissons nos principes de primordialité et de singularité, puis nous passons en revue les différentes méthodes de quantification de la saillance qui sont compatibles avec ces principes. Nous illustrons alors l'une d'entre elles sur un exemple linguistique et sur un exemple visuel.</p>
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