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                <term xml:lang="en">environmental conservation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">tourism development</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">stakeholders</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Integrated Coastal Zone Management</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">participatory approach</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Natural Regional Parks</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Parcs naturels régionaux</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">gestion intégrée des zones côtières</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">concertation locale</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">gouvernance</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">acteurs</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">modèle</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">protection</term>
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              <p>Depuis moins d'une décennie, la Commission européenne promeut le concept de Gestion intégrée des Zones côtières (GIZC) qui vise à identifier des territoires littoraux cohérents sur lesquels l'ensemble des enjeux et des acteurs seraient pris en compte. Cette définition interpelle particulièrement en France le modèle de Parc naturel régional (PNR) créé sous l'impulsion de la DATAR en 1967 pour articuler protection de l'environnement et développement économique dans des espaces en déprise. Devenus rapidement une référence de développement local d'un nouveau type, ils ont peu à peu émergé sur des territoires d'enjeux - les littoraux français - touchés par des conflits complexes entre les différentes formes du développement économique et la nécessité accrue de conserver des espaces naturels et des ressources. A travers les exemples du PNR de la Narbonnaise en Méditerranée créé à la fin de 2003 et du projet en cours de PNR du Golfe du Morbihan, cet article s'attache à analyser le rôle de telles institutions dans la mise en œuvre de la GIZC. Malgré des procédures de création théoriquement similaires, l'histoire de ces deux projets de territoires diffèrent, illustrant l'impact des systèmes d'acteurs locaux sur un processus d'institutionnalisation orchestré par l'État. Nous y examinerons de front les mécanismes produits par l'action collective et les stratégies, pratiques et légitimités d'intervention de l'ensemble des acteurs. Au-delà, il s'agit de vérifier la pertinence - ou les limites - de l'outil PNR dans la gestion du littoral.</p>
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