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            <title xml:lang="en">Mandibular ramus posterior flexure : a sex indicator in Homo sapiens fossil hominids ?</title>
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                <forename type="first">Hélène</forename>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Mandibular ramus posterior flexure : a sex indicator in Homo sapiens fossil hominids ?</title>
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                <title level="j">International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Neandertals</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">early Modern Humans</term>
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              <p>Accurate determination of sex in skeletal human samples is very important in anthropological and demographic studies. Recently, Loth and Henneberg (1996, 1997, 1998) have suggested that a new osteological criterion on the mandible, the mandibular ramus posterior flexure (MRPF) had a high sex discriminating effectiveness. A preliminary test applied to a few hominid mandibles (including Australopithecines, Homo erectus, Neandertals and Upper Palaeolithic hominids) apparently confirmed the high reliability of the MRPF as a sex indicator “over time and through paleospecies”.&lt;br /&gt;As the pelvis is commonly considered as providing the most significative criteria that allows to establish skeletal sexual dimorphism of adults, the present paper evaluates this mandibular feature on a few additional Palaeolithic hominids (i.e. Neandertals and Early Modern Humans) for whom a gender estimation was known based upon the pelvis. &lt;br /&gt;This analysis was conducted on the original material and its results appear in contradiction with those of the previous studies made by Loth and Henneberg. A reconsideration of the visual assessment of MRPF as a sex indicator in Homo sapiens fossil hominids is therefore suggested .</p>
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