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            <title xml:lang="fr">Etudes multiniveaux : quantité ou qualité ? La cuisine rigoureuse de trois thèses en cours</title>
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              <p>This communication aims at leading a free reflection on the study of multi-level poliy networks. We will proceed presenting our methodological points of convergence from our three PhD dissertations in progress dealing respectively with the genesis of the European Security and Defence Policy, the Europeaniztion of students mobilisation in Belgium, France, Italy and Portugal, and the local security policies in France and Italy. We adopted a qualitative way of proceeding based on the study of the professional or militant carriers of the actors, a study of their organisational adherences/ belongings. We also had a close look at the geographical levels from which they operate and at their spatial moves. If each of our three studies had a specific starting point (local or national) from which we wove our multi-level enquiry, we used identical methodological tools and combined them in varying proportions: qualitative interviews and informal conversations, participation observations –through an insertion in epistemic communities or ambiguous friendships-, a “tracking down” of the network actors in the sense of reconstructing the relationships between its members. The three researches unanimously noticed a two-fold phenomenon: the stability of a relatively small “hard core” of individuals in the networks and the necessity of studying the same kind of actors at different levels so as to be able to seize the multiple identities they are bearing.</p>
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              <p>Cette communication entend aborder de manière décomplexée l'étude des réseaux d'acteurs multi-niveaux, à travers la présentation des points communs d'ordre méthodologique de trois thèses en cours, portant respectivement sur la genèse de la politique européenne de défense, l'européanisation de la représentation étudiante en Belgique, France, Italie et Portugal, et les politiques locales de sécurité en France et en Italie. La démarche qualitative adoptée repose sur une étude des trajectoires professionnelles ou carrières militantes des acteurs, de leur(s) appartenance(s) organisationnelle(s), des niveaux géographiques auxquels ils opèrent et de leurs déplacements spatiaux. Si chacune des trois recherches a connu un niveau de départ spécifique (local ou national) à partir duquel s'est tissée l'étude multi-niveaux, des dispositifs méthodologiques identiques ont été utilisés (et combinés selon des proportions variées) dans les trois recherches, à savoir des entretiens et conversations informelles, des observations participantes -sous forme d'insertion dans les communautés épistémiques ou d'amitiés ambiguës-, une « filature » du réseau au sens de reconstitution des relations entretenues entre les individus. Les trois recherches parviennent unanimement à un double constat : la stabilité d'un « noyau dur » relativement restreint d'individus au sein des réseaux et la nécessité d'étudier les mêmes acteurs à différents niveaux pour saisir les identités multiples dont ils sont porteurs.</p>
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