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            <title xml:lang="fr">Les numéraux en berbère. Le cas du zénaga</title>
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                <forename type="first">Catherine</forename>
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                <title xml:lang="fr">Les numéraux en berbère. Le cas du zénaga</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">historic linguistics: cardinal numerals</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">loan</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">number</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">state of annexation: preposition</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">syntax</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">morphology</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">compared linguistics</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Berber</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">berbère</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">zénaga</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">linguistique comparée</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">linguistique historique: numéraux cardinaux</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">morphologie</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">syntaxe</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">état d'annexion: préposition</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">nombre</term>
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              <p>In the Berber dialect, cardinal numerals are fully considered as nominal, even though they present some specificity of form, meaning and use. The example of the Zenaga dialect of Mauritania is all the more interesting as it is one of the few languages that kept the use of ancient numerals' names (not only for 1-10 but also for the tens, the hundreds and the thousands) whereas a lot of the others replaced them by borrowings from Arabic. The Zenaga dialect encompasses several syntactic constructions. From one to eleven, the name of the numbered thing N2 is always directly annexed to the numeral N1 (except if N2 is a borrowing). This construction (with gender agreement and N2 in the plural form for N1&gt;1) has been found in other Berber dialects and is probably the oldest. Direct annexation in Zenaga has a remarkable particularity which is to lead not to a modification of the initial syllable of N2 (this language ignores state opposition), but to the modification of the final consonant N1.</p>
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              <p>Les numéraux cardinaux sont, en berbère, des nominaux à part entière, même s'ils présentent des spécificités de forme, de sens et d'emploi. Le témoignage du zénaga de Mauritanie est d'autant plus intéressant qu'il fait partie des rares parlers à avoir conservé l'usage des noms de nombre anciens (non seulement pour 1-10 mais aussi pour les dizaines, les centaines et les milliers) alors que beaucoup les remplaçaient par des emprunts à l'arabe. Du point de vue syntaxique, plusieurs constructions ont été observées en zénaga. Jusqu'à onze, le nom de la chose nombrée N2 est toujours annexé directement au numéral N1 (sauf si N2 est un emprunt). Cette construction (avec accord en genre et N2 au pluriel pour N1 &gt; 1) est attestée dans d'autres parlers berbères et est vraisemblablement la plus ancienne. L'annexion directe, en zénaga, offre par ailleurs une particularité remarquable, celle d'entraîner, non une modification de la syllabe initiale de N2 (ce parler ignore l'opposition d'états), mais celle de la consonne finale de N1.</p>
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