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              <p>Mauritania, as all Sahel, has experienced last decades a severe drought which had strong environmental and socioeconomic consequences with the development of degradation processes and strong agriculture changes. These consequences leaded the three waterside countries of the Senegal River to set up heavy planning in the valley with the dams of Manantali upstream and Diama in the low delta in order to develop in particular an irrigated agriculture and to answer the food needs of the population. The rainfed agriculture of the suburb of the Aleg and Mâl lakes were replaced by flood recession agriculture in the lakes or on tributaries at the back of small dams multiplied last decades. The breeding practices were also transformed with the massive settlement of the former nomads and the stationing of the herds around lakes, remarkable wet zones located in the borders of Sahara and Sahel, and which are so weakened. These changes thus stressed and perpetuated the degradation processes initially generated by the drought which may be seen only as an indirect factor enhancing the anthropological pressures</p>
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              <p>La Mauritanie, comme tout le Sahel, a été soumise ces dernières décennies à une sécheresse sévère qui a eu de graves conséquences environnementales et socio-économiques avec le développement de processus de dégradation des milieux et de profondes mutations des modes de mise en valeur agricoles de ces zones. Face à ces conséquences, les trois pays riverains du fleuve Sénégal ont mis en place des aménagements lourds dans la vallée avec les barrages de Manantali en amont et de Diama dans le bas delta pour permettre, notamment, le développement de l'agriculture irriguée, dans l'objectif louable de répondre aux besoins alimentaires de la population. Les cultures sous pluies de la périphérie des lacs d'Aleg et de Mâl ont été remplacées par une agriculture de décrue dans les lacs ou sur les affluents en arrière de petits barrages qui se sont ainsi multipliés. Les pratiques d'élevage ont en outre été profondément transformées avec la sédentarisation massive des anciens nomades et le cantonnement des troupeaux autour des lacs, zones humides remarquables situées aux confins du Sahara et du Sahel, et qui sont ainsi fragilisées. Ces mutations ont donc accentué et pérennisé les processus de dégradation générés initialement par la sécheresse et l'on est en droit de se demander aujourd'hui si la péjoration climatique ne joue pas un rôle, plutôt indirect, en favorisant les pressions anthropiques.</p>
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