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              <p>Trotz der Kolonialisierung und einer langen Immigrationsgeschichte sind Diskriminierungen gegenüber Migranten, deren Nachkommen und auch den sogenannten "Übersee-Franzosen" erst Ende der 1990er Jahre nachhaltig in die öffentliche Debatte Frankreichs gekommen. 1998 wurde von dem Haut Conseil à l'Intégration (Hoher Rat für Integration) ein Gutachten vorgelegt, in dem Diskriminierungen zum ersten Mal von staatlicher Seite als eindeutige Barriere einer erfolgreichen Integration definiert wurden. Diese öffentliche Anerkennung der Diskriminierung zog die formale Notwendigkeit mit sich, eben solche Diskriminierungen mit staatlichen Mitteln zu bekämpfen.</p>
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