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              <p>In this paper I discuss relations and differences between the ways in which Maupertuis and Euler treated the principle of least action in a number of articles written between 1740 and 1751. Namely, I stress the opposition between the metaphysical and theological conceptions of Maupertuis, who thought that action is a real quantity acting in nature which God minimizes in motion and in any other physical phenomena, and the conception of Euler, who interpreted action as a mathematical entity, expressed in the form of an integral, that characterizes mechanical system.</p>
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