L'abri-sous-roche orné de Reverdit (Sergeac, Dordogne) : l'apport d'une approche pluridisciplinaire à l'élaboration d'un nouveau cadre chronoculturel - HAL Accéder directement au contenu
Communication dans un congrès Année : 2014

L'abri-sous-roche orné de Reverdit (Sergeac, Dordogne) : l'apport d'une approche pluridisciplinaire à l'élaboration d'un nouveau cadre chronoculturel

Résumé

The re-examination of the rock sculptures in Reverdit shelter showed the presence of two successive graphic compositions (Bourdier, 2008). This raised the question of the chronology of the human occupation, for which only one phase had been identified. In order to test this single-phase model, the archaeological material was analyzed and six 14C dates were carried out. Reverdit (fig. 1) was discovered in 1878 ; the early excavations are poorly documented. In 1911-1914, Delage (1935) excavated two trenches before the shelter and found two " Magdalénien III " layers (fig. 2). In 1985-1987, excavations by Robin and Roussot in the south of the shelter yielded 3 layers with " Magdalénien II-III ". The low-relief parietal composition includes an herbivore (horse ?), a horse and 2 bison (fig. 3). The carving technique is close to that of Cap-Blanc, and the hypertrophic square hump of the bison (fig. 4) is found on other rock art sites of the Middle Magdalenian (MM). One horse was probably sculpted on an earlier bison sculpture (fig. 5). Engraved rocks, probably collapsed from the wall, were found at Reverdit ; one of them shows a bison very similar to those of Roc-aux-Sorciers (fig. 6). Thus the Reverdit cave art seems to date to the MM, but its position relative to the occupation layers is uncertain ; it might be related to the uppermost levels. Among the 3387 flint artifacts of the Delage collection (tab. 1), burins and endscrapers, usually made on blades, are the dominant tools. The blades are knapped by organic soft hammer percussion, sometimes with a spur preparation. The specific tools of the Upper Magdalenian (UM) are not documented, but there are 39 ogival endscrapers, usually dated to the MM. Curved bladelets with a marginal side retouch (fig. 7b) were made on flake cores which, when exhausted, appear as carinated burins and endscrapers (fig. 8). This specific bladelet production is known in sites dated to the Lower Magdalenian (LM), but also bears resemblance with Badegoulian products (" Bertonne " cores). Some 90% of the armatures are simple, straight retouched bladelets (fig. 9) dating to the MM or the UM. Ten scalene bladelets attest to a MM presence and one shouldered point is likely UM. Among the osseous industry of the Delage collection (table 2), the 146 bone artifacts include mostly eyed needles and their blanks and manufacturing waste. Among the 340 antler artifacts, manufacturing waste show the different stages of blank production by groove-and-splinter technique ; knapping (debitage by percussion) is attested but marginal. Antler tools (fig. 10-11) include three perforated batons, 14 blunt tools, 9 wedges and one large eyed needle. Most of the collection is made of projectile points (fig. 11) with a simple, massive base (except one selfbarbed point). The tool and point types specific of the MM and the UM are absent. Decorated objects are few (fig. 12) and the personal ornaments described by Delage have been lost. An attribution to the LM is suggested for most of the osseous material, although some artifacts hint at the Badegoulian and two decorated objects have parallels in the MM. Six 14C dates on antler artifacts (table 3) attest an occupation phase ca. 21-20 kyr cal. BP and older occurrences of human presence ca 21.1-23.5 kyr cal. BP. These dates fit into the chronology of the LM and the Badegoulian. This study yielded evidence of several chronocultural entities. Rock art, decorated objects and part of the flint tools attest an occupation during the MM, probably related to the upper, early excavated levels. The osseous industry, another part of the lithic artifacts and the 14C dates highlight a significant previous occupation phase during the LM and/or the Badegoulian.
Nous présentons ici une confrontation des résultats issus des récentes études menées sur le mobilier et l'art pariétal de l'abri Reverdit. L'ensemble des graphismes pariétaux (frise et blocs ornés), de l'industrie lithique et osseuse, de l'art mobilier et des parures a été examiné dans le but de préciser pour chacun les attributions chronoculturelles. L'analyse des graphismes pariétaux et mobiliers confirme l'attribution classique selon laquelle l'abri a vraisemblablement été orné au Magdalénien moyen ; pour autant, celle du mobilier lithique et osseux ainsi que les premières datations radiocarbone révèlent que le site a probablement été fréquenté dès l'époque badegoulienne et peut-être jusqu'au Magdalénien supérieur.
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halshs-00980981, version 1 (19-04-2014)

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  • HAL Id : halshs-00980981 , version 1

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Camille Bourdier, Lucie Chehmana, Jean-Marc Pétillon, Hélène Valladas. L'abri-sous-roche orné de Reverdit (Sergeac, Dordogne) : l'apport d'une approche pluridisciplinaire à l'élaboration d'un nouveau cadre chronoculturel. 27e Congrès préhistorique de France, session F : deuxième moitié et fin du Paléolithique supérieur, 2010, Bordeaux / Les Eyzies, France. pp.431-447. ⟨halshs-00980981⟩
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