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            <title xml:lang="en">« Eglises, identités non confessionnelles et islam en Allemagne »,  </title>
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                <title xml:lang="en">« Eglises, identités non confessionnelles et islam en Allemagne »,  </title>
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              <p>Since the 1980s, the nature of relations between politics and religion in Germany has undergone some profound changes. Today, Germany is confronted with two seemingly contradictory phenomenon: on one hand Germany claims to have non-religious identities in the public realm, while on the other there are increasing demands from communities that desire to obtain new rights as well as institutional recognition and greater visibility in public space. Several factors are behind this movement: one is the growing importance of the numbers of non-religious persons that has accelerated as a result of the effects of reunification, individualization and diversification of beliefs and religious practices; the other is the presence of increasingly assertive Islam. In response to the questions raised by the diversity of faiths, beliefs or affiliations, public authorities are trying to find political and legal ways that may reconcile the requirements of protection of fundamental freedoms (the freedoms of conscience and religion), the principle of neutrality of the state, equal treatment of all religious communities in respect to their traditions and heritages.  In a country with a federal structure, where religious matters are the responsibility of the Länder, the responses to political and religious disputes vary widely from state to state. They relativize the historically constituted church-state relations in Germany and show different ways of treating religious pluralism. By relying in particular on the analysis of debates on religious education in schools, this contribution aims to show the process of deconfessionalization in Germany and to study the influence of Christian Churches on the relationship between the State and Muslim communities.</p>
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              <p>Desde la década de 1980, la naturaleza de las relaciones entre la política y la religión ha experimentado profundos cambios en Alemania. La Alemania de hoy se enfrenta a dos fenómenos aparentemente contradictorios: por un lado, las reivindicaciones de las identidades no confesionales en la esfera pública. Y, por otro lado, las crecientes demandas de las comunidades religiosas que deseen obtener nuevos derechos, así como el reconocimiento institucional y una mayor visibilidad en el espacio público. Son varios los factores que explican esta reconfiguración: el incremento de las personas que no se identifican con ninguna religión a raíz de la reunificación, la individualización y diversificación de las creencias y prácticas religiosas y la presencia creciente de musulmanes en el país.En respuesta a los retos planteados por la diversidad de religiones, creencias o afiliaciones, las autoridades públicas buscan soluciones políticas y/o jurídicas que faciliten la conciliación entre las necesidad de proteger las libertades fundamentales (libertad de conciencia y de religión), el principio de neutralidad del Estado y la igualdad de trato hacia todas las confesiones religiosas. Soluciones que, a su vez, sean respetuosas con las tradiciones y el legado del país. En un estado con una estructura federal, donde los asuntos religiosos son responsabilidad de los Landers, las respuestas que se dan a los retos político-religiosos varían ampliamente de un estado a otro. De este modo, se relativiza el dispositivo histórico de relaciones iglesia-estado en Alemania y se pone de manifiesto la existencia de múltiples formas de abordar el pluralismo religioso.Este ponencia tiene como objetivo analizar el fin del caràcter confesinal de la enseñanza de la religión en las escuelas en Alemania y examinar la influencia de las iglesias en la relaciones entre el estado y el islam.</p>
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