The governance and oversight of Inernal Security Forces in Turkey and seven EU countries
Résumé
Oversight of internal security forces (ISFs) are compared systematically in Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, the UK an and Turkey. The principles as established in the constitutions are compared. Mechanisms as set up by laws setting hierarchical oversight (internal oversight in the ministry of Interior and governors for selected countries, external oversight with Non Majoritarian Institutions as data protection authorities or defenders of Rights), judicial oversight, institutional architecture, doctrine for citizen orientation are reviewed. A specific review of Parliamentary oversight for the ISFs is included. Organization of Internal Security Forces (centralization, fragmentation) are also described in the light of its effect on oversight. Nordic countries appear distant from southern states of the EU, and Turkey appears closer to the latter, while showing a number of weaknesses, including the role of the Parliament and the limited citizen orientation due to a lack of dedicated mechanisms.