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            <title xml:lang="en">FBR futures in France - 1970s - 1990s: ambiguity in organisations as a means to deal with uncertainties on energy futures</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr">Les surgénérateurs du futur au conditionnel : construction d’un point de passage facultatif - différer la filière tout en construisant Superphénix. (version présentée aux Journées doctorales du LISIS, 27 septembre 2016)</title>
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                <title xml:lang="en">FBR futures in France - 1970s - 1990s: ambiguity in organisations as a means to deal with uncertainties on energy futures</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Les surgénérateurs du futur au conditionnel : construction d’un point de passage facultatif - différer la filière tout en construisant Superphénix. (version présentée aux Journées doctorales du LISIS, 27 septembre 2016)</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Techno-scientific promise</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">fast breeder reactors</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">réacteurs à neutrons rapides</term>
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              <p>Industrial projects for Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) nuclear technology emerged in the early 1970s in several industrialised countries, following the construction of research facilities and prototype reactors. In France, the vision of a nuclearized future that prevailed then justified the industrial development of this fuel-regenerating technology, expected to solve the problem of nuclear fuel depletion then deemed certain. FBR developers regarded technology development as linear, assuming that increasing the size of the plants would reduce costs. We suggest to re-read these developments, interpreting them as a means employed by key policy actors to perform a linear scenario of the future of energy policy, relying on a techno-scientific promise, and thereby producing legitimacy, credibility and irreversibility.However, over time, this scenario became isolated. Publicly accessible archive documents from the 80s and 90s reveal contradictory statements from members of nuclear organisations, which in turn introduced diversity into the possible (yet nuclearized) futures: while the FBR developers foresaw the construction of an FBR fleet in the short to medium term, expressing optimism regarding technology and costs, the head offices of the same institutions highlighted uncertainties, which led to different visions of the future and to an imperative to wait. Yet they expressed their view in ambiguous terms, in order not to impede the development of FBR technology. We shall analyse how these disagreeing actors performed energy futures by discussing FBR technology and its economy. We will further discuss the introduction of ambiguity and long-term future visions as a means to reopen a linear pathway driven by a techno-scientific promise.</p>
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              <p>L’angle d’attaque de cette communication vient d’un étonnement lors du travail mené en 2014-2015 sur l’histoire de Superphénix : àpartir des années 1980, les expressions publiques des directions (par exemple celle d’EDF, dans Le Monde, par exemple)concernant l’avenir de la filière ne concordent pas avec les projections des porteurs du projet Superphénix, expriméesdans des publications scientifiques. Pour y répondre, une recherche a été menée aux archives historiques EDF dejuin à août 2016. Cet article s’attache à comprendre le passage de la continuité à l’incertitude dans les politiques dedéveloppement des surgénérateurs : comment passe-t-on d’un futur linéaire et fixé sur une technologie à un objet donton peut débattre de manière pluraliste ? quels sont les groupes d’acteurs, les scénarios, les négociations ? Les sourcesrévèlent une grande polyphonie de la part des différents groupes d’acteurs, les uns continuant à affirmer une trajectoiretechnologique optimiste et inchangée, les autres insistant sur les incertitudes, dans des discours ambigus, qui permettentde construire peu à peu la technologie comme contingente, un « point de passage facultatif », peut-on dire en miroir du« point de passage obligé ». On discute l'ambiguïté dans les discours des différentes directions, et les enseignements decette recherche sur les glissements, replanifications et changements de statut d'une centrale non advenue.</p>
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