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            <title xml:lang="en">Uzbek Ethnology: a Paradoxical Continuity</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en"> Uzbekistan</term>
                <term xml:lang="en"> Soviet Empire</term>
                <term xml:lang="en"> national construction</term>
                <term xml:lang="en"> history of ethnology</term>
                <term xml:lang="en"> ethnos</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">Ouzbékistan</term>
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              <p>Uzbek ethnography is currently attempting to develop in an autonomous fashion by detaching itself from the heritage of a foreign intellectual tradition. The immense corpus constituted by scholars from Russia and then by Soviet ethnologists serves, nevertheless, as a reference-point for contemporary Uzbek ethnologists. These problematic constructions of reality contribute today towards determining the way in which this society regards itself. At the time of Perestroika, Soviet ethnographers engaged in a vigorous debate which resulted in a redefinition of the discipline. Uzbekistan appears not to have participated in these discussions and ethnography remains subject to political control. However, the arrival of numerous international organisations has transformed the scientific landscape. Certain former ethnographers have become « local experts » and are producing a new form of knowledge about their society for international sponsors. These foreign organisations are henceforth participating in the construction of the object but also in the legitimation processes of local ethnographers. This new interaction is not establishing itself in a context of passivity and engenders numerous forms of resistance, indeed of opposition, in the face this new configuration.</p>
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              <p>L’ethnographie ouzbèke actuelle tente de se construire de façon autonome en se détachant de l’héritage d’une tradition intellectuelle allogène. L’immense corpus constitué par des savants venus de Russie puis par les ethnologues soviétiques sert néanmoins de référence aux ethnologues ouzbeks contemporains. Ces découpages problématiques de la réalité contribuent aujourd’hui à déterminer le regard que cette société porte sur elle‑même. Au moment de la Perestroïka, les ethnographes soviétiques ont eu un vif débat qui a débouché sur une redéfinition de la discipline. L’Ouzbékistan semble être resté à l’écart de ces discussions et l’ethnographie demeure sous la tutelle du pouvoir politique. Cependant l’arrivée de multiples organisations internationales a transformé le paysage scientifique. Certains anciens ethnographes deviennent des « experts locaux » et produisent une nouvelle forme de connaissance sur leur société pour les bailleurs de fonds internationaux. Ces organisations allogènes participent désormais à la construction de l’objet mais aussi aux processus de légitimation des ethnographes locaux. Cette nouvelle interaction ne s’établit pas dans une passivité et engendre de nombreuses formes de résistances voire des oppositions face à cette configuration inédite.</p>
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