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            <title xml:lang="fr">Victor Hugo dans la Grande Guerre</title>
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                <title xml:lang="fr">Victor Hugo dans la Grande Guerre</title>
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                    <forename type="first">Jordi</forename>
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                <term xml:lang="en">reception studies</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">First World War</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">pacifism</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">nationalism</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">bellicism</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">history of poetry</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">études de réception</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">histoire de la poésie</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">propagande</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">bellicisme</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">nationalisme</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">pacifisme</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Première Guerre mondiale</term>
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              <p>This paper looks back at Victor Hugo's uses, in France, during the Great War and just after it. During the war, the poet's pacifism and internationalism are essentially ignored at the almost exclusive benefit of the patriotic and sometimes warmongering verses from L'Année terrible (1872). Later on, the commemoration of the killed soldiers will often use the poem ‘Hymne’ (1831) from Les Chants du crépuscule. This presence of Hugo in propaganda and civic rituals can be explained by his status as a national icon, but also by the historical situation of poetic practice: Hugo's verses echo the one written by many amateur poets. Furthermore, these uses of Hugo's work place the Great War in the continuity of wars and revolutions of the 19th century, and contribute to the symbolic construction of a post-revolutionary national history, even if it implies to obscure the evolutions affecting the political meaning of nationalism.</p>
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              <p>Cet article revient sur les usages de Victor Hugo, en France, pendant la Grande Guerre et dans les lendemains immédiats du conflit. Pendant la guerre, le pacifisme et l'internationalisme du poète sont essentiellement ignorés au profit presque exclusif des vers patriotiques et parfois bellicistes de L'Année terrible (1872). Plus tard, la commémoration des morts utilisera souvent le poème ‘Hymne’ (1831) des Chants du crépuscule. Cette présence de Hugo dans les discours propagandistes et les rituels civiques s'explique par son statut d'icône nationale, mais aussi par la situation historique de la pratique poétique: les vers de Hugo font écho à ceux que produisent de nombreux poètes amateurs. Par ailleurs, ces utilisations de Hugo permettent d'inscrire la Grande Guerre dans la continuité des guerres et révolutions du 19e siècle et de participer à la construction symbolique d'une histoire nationale postrévolutionnaire, quitte à occulter les évolutions affectant le sens politique du nationalisme.</p>
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