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              <p>Traces of soot reflecting past human activities are sometimes observed on the ceilings and walls of caves and rock shelters, sometimes also inside speleothems. These deposits, which result from anthropogenic fires, are proving to be a particularly suitable material for very high-resolution micro-chronological studies. Microscopic analysis of carbonate crusts from walls of various ages (Middle and Upper Palaeolithic) shows that they preserve traces of multiple occupations that can be linked to the archaeological units identified during the excavation. The generally high MNOs (Minimum Number of Occupations), which correspond to each archaeological unit, attest to the cumulative nature of the latter. Each level records a different number of occupations from one unit to another and presents particular rhythmicity. The research potential for soot deposits are diverse and suggest the possibility of studying the mobility of past human groups with previously unrivalled temporal resolution. Concerns about the concept of “archaeological floor” and “palimpsest” as applied to spatial studies in caves and under shelters/under rock is also developed.</p>
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              <p>Des traces de suie, témoignant d’activités humaines passées, sont parfois remarquées sur les parois des cavités, parfois également à l’intérieur de spéléothèmes. Ces dépôts, qui résultent de feux anthropiques, s’avèrent être un matériau particulièrement adapté aux études micro-chronologiques à très haute résolution. L’analyse microscopique d’encroûtements carbonatés de parois d’âges variés (Paléolithique moyen et supérieur) montre qu’ils ont conservé la trace de multiples occupations qu’il est possible de mettre en relation avec les unités archéologiques reconnues à la fouille. Les NMO (Nombre Minimum d’Occupations), généralement élevés, qui correspondent à chaque unité archéologique, attestent du caractère cumulatif de ces dernières. Chaque niveau enregistre alors un nombre d’occupations différent d’une unité à l’autre et illustre des rythmicités qui lui sont propres. Les perspectives de recherche sur les dépôts de suie sont diversifiées et laissent entrevoir la possibilité d’une étude de la mobilité des groupes humains passés suivant des résolutions jusqu’alors inégalées. On est de plus en droit de s’interroger sur le concept de « sol archéologique » et de « palimpseste » appliqué aux études spatiales en grotte et sous abri-sous-roche.</p>
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