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            <title xml:lang="en">Ecologies of authorship in sciences</title>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Ecologies of authorship in sciences</title>
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              <p>Scientific authorship is generally considered as something similar to the authorship of literature texts: the scientist is the person who formulates an idea, does the work, writes the paper and naturally signs it. Previous studies of scientific authorship endorse this individualistic conception, even in multiple authorship situations: each name listed in an article’s byline is conceived both as a holder of a part of the work and as fully responsible for the entire text. This article examines situations that are characterized by large-scale multiauthorship and specifies different patterns of name ordering. It shows that an individualistic perspective strongly neglects the decisive role of the ecology of work. Authorship is an act associated with specific social, cognitive and material configurations of the scientific practice.</p>
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              <p>Bien souvent, signer un article scientifique est considéré comme un geste semblable à celui qui vaut dans le monde littéraire : le chercheur est la personne qui formule une idée, réalise le travail, écrit et signe tout naturellement son texte. Les analyses de la signature en science restent attachées à cette conception individualiste, même face à des situations de cosignature : chaque signataire est conçu à la fois comme détenteur d'une parcelle du travail et comme pleinement responsable de la totalité de l'article. Ce texte examine des situations où la cosignature est la règle et spécifie différentes façons de signer à plusieurs. Il montre qu'une vision individualiste néglige le rôle décisif de l'écologie du travail scientifique. La signature est un acte qui s'articule à des configurations sociales, cognitives et matérielles de l'activité scientifique.</p>
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