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              <p>L’athlétisme, premier sport olympique, est un des sports les plus mondialisés, mais l’analyse des résultats complets des championnats du monde permet de constater de fortes disparités entre Etats. De bipolaire, au temps de la Guerre froide, la localisation de l’excellence athlétique a évolué pour devenir multipolaire, avec l’émergence de foyers remarquables, tels l’Afrique de l’Est ou le Maghreb, à côté des traditionnels foyers européen et nord-américain, berceau de ce sport. Une analyse par familles de disciplines (sprint, demi-fond et fond, lancers) permet de constater des résultats très contrastés. Les grands principes de cette division du travail athlétique à l’échelle mondiale sont expliqués. La mobilité des athlètes ou le jeu des naturalisations constituent d’autres aspects de la mondialisation de l’athlétisme.</p>
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