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                <term xml:lang="en">equivalence scales</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">economies of scale</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">food consumption</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">consommation alimentaire</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">économie d'échelle</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">échelle d'équivalence</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">estimations en panel et en coupe transversale</term>
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              <p>The paradoxical negative relation between food consumption and the family size analyzed by Deaton and Paxson (1998) is discussed and evaluated on a household consumption panel. This negative relation is confirmed using panel data but weakens considerably when an equivalence scale instead of family size is used and when the change of the family structure over time is taken into account. Moreover, different types of possible estimation biases are discussed and corrected using panel instead of cross section data.</p>
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              <p>Dans un article récent Deaton et Paxson (1998) ont constaté et analysé la relation négative entre la consommation alimentaire et la structure de la famille. L'utilisation des données de panel a confirmé ce paradoxe. Toutefois, la négativité a été considérablement réduite quand le nombre de personnes dans la famille a été remplacé par une échelle de consommation et quand l'évolution de la structure familiale dans le temps est prise en compte. Différents types de biais d'estimation sont analysés et corrigés par l'utilisation de données de panel.</p>
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