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            <title xml:lang="fr">Et s’il n’était pas attendu des espions qu’ils espionnent ? À propos du recrutement des agents de renseignement de Côme Ier de Médicis en France</title>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Revue historique&lt;/i&gt;, 2023, 707 (3), pp.379-409. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhis.233.0379"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.3917/rhis.233.0379&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="fr">Et s’il n’était pas attendu des espions qu’ils espionnent ? À propos du recrutement des agents de renseignement de Côme Ier de Médicis en France</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Espionnage</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Intelligence</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Early modern diplomacy</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Renaissance</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Early modern Florence</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Cosimo I de’ Medici</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">Espionnage</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Diplomatie et relations internationales</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Côme Ier de Médicis</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">Florence</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Renaissance</term>
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              <p>Studies on intelligence and espionage have known an important revival in recent years, in the lead of the most innovative works on the history of diplomacy. Today, as is the case for diplomacy, the challenge is to redefine the contours of what we call espionage and intelligence. This article proposes, through the case of the spies recruited by the Florentines sent to France by the Duke of Florence, Cosimo I de’ Medici, such a redefinition. It scopes the place of spies among diplomatic agents’ networks, neglecting the idea that they had to be isolated and hidden figures. On the contrary, some spies, such as the Gazzetti, a brother and sister in the service of Piero Strozzi, the sworn enemy of Cosimo I de’ Medici, and of Queen Catherine de’ Medici, his cousin, were known to all the agents operating freely on foreign soil. Then, one might wonder whether they were really expected to spy or to exerce more diversified functions. Recruitment methods for these agents, but also the relationships they maintained over time with their recruiters, show the social and political mechanisms surrounding espionage, beyond the fantastic image espionage creates in your collective imaginary.</p>
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              <p>L’historiographie du renseignement et de l’espionnage a connu ces dernières années un renouveau important, dans la suite des travaux les plus novateurs sur l’histoire des relations internationales. Aujourd’hui, comme c’est le cas pour la diplomatie, l’enjeu tient à une redéfinition du champ de l’espionnage et du renseignement. C’est ce que propose cet article, à travers le cas des espions recrutés par les Florentins envoyés en France par le duc de Florence, Côme Ier de Médicis. Il s’agit d’interroger la place des espions au sein des constellations d’agents diplomatiques, au-delà de l’idée qu’ils seraient par nature des figures isolées et cachées. Bien au contraire, certains espions, dont les Gazzetti, un frère et une sœur placés au service de Piero Strozzi, l’ennemi juré de Côme de Médicis, et de la reine Catherine de Médicis, sa cousine, sont connus de l’ensemble des agents agissant au grand jour sur le terrain, tant qu’on pourrait se demander s’il était réellement attendu d’eux qu’ils espionnent. Les modalités de recrutement de ces agents, mais aussi les rapports qu’ils entretiennent sur le temps long avec leurs recruteurs, témoignent des mécanismes sociaux et politiques autour de l’espionnage, au-delà des fantasmes qu’un tel sujet ne manque jamais de faire naître en nous.</p>
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