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            <title xml:lang="en">The shades of excellence.</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr">Les nuances de l’excellence</title>
            <title xml:lang="en" type="sub">Higher education and research policy in Poland, between market logic and authoritarian turn</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr" type="sub">La politique de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche en Pologne, entre logique de marché et tournant autoritaire</title>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Gouvernement &amp; action publique&lt;/i&gt;, 2024, 13 (1), pp.53-74. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3917/gap.241.0053"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.3917/gap.241.0053&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <term xml:lang="en">privatisation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Poland</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">bibliometry</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">authoritarianism</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">higher education</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">instruments</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">instruments</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">privatisation</term>
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              <p>This article analyses the transformations of higher education and research in Poland, focusing on the reforms following the regime change in 1989, those implemented by the liberal majorities and by the conservative Law and Justice Party (PiS). On the one hand, it analyses the conditions for the emergence and institutionalisation of research competition instruments. On the other hand, the article discusses the impact of political games on the orientation of higher education and research policy. While the context of systemic transformations and EU membership reinforces the openness to international comparison and the imperative of competitiveness, the position of the conservative governments (2015-2023) is ambiguous. The continuation of bibliometric evaluation only gradually reveals the reactionary ideological enterprise.</p>
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              <p>Cet article analyse les transformations de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche en Pologne, en se focalisant sur les réformes consécutives au changement de régime en 1989, celles mises en place par les majorités libérales puis par le parti conservateur Droit et Justice (PiS). D’une part, il se penche sur les conditions d’avènement et de l’institutionnalisation des instruments de mise en compétition des chercheurs et des laboratoires. D’autre part, il réexamine le poids des jeux politiques dans l’orientation des politiques de l’ESR. Si le contexte des transformations systémiques et l’adhésion à l’UE renforcent l’ouverture à la comparaison internationale et à l’impératif de compétitivité, la position des gouvernements conservateurs (2015-2023) demeure ambiguë. La reconduction des instruments d’évaluation bibliométrique ne dévoile que progressivement l’entreprise idéologique réactionnaire.</p>
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