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            <title xml:lang="en">The organizational lives of numbers: onto-epistemologies of quantification in work and organizational psychology</title>
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                <title level="j">Le travail humain</title>
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                  <publisher>Presses Universitaires de France</publisher>
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              <p>The current conceptual paper examines the role of quantification in work andorganizational psychology (psychologie du travail et des organisations; PTO),based on a view of metrics as performative and as linked to the social constructionof knowledge. Understanding the social effects of metrics is part of an overallattempt to understand PTO in its responsibility for workplace experience and wellbeing.Quantitative metrics are usually seen as apolitical and linked to positivistepistemological approaches, but recent work in the sociology of quantification hasexamined the role of numbers as supports for practice. This literature, which tendsto be social constructionist in its onto-epistemology, focuses on how numbers areused within organizations to understand persons, to manage interpersonal relations,and to govern organizations. Thus, quantitative measures are bothepistemic tools and mechanisms of power. We argue that because of its focus onquantitative measurement, PTO is uniquely positioned to benefit from recentinsights into the social uses of measures, and that bringing these uses to the forefrontof PTO research contribute to the social impact of the field. Specifically, thetendency to view measures as transparent and judged solely on psychometricvalidity tends to draw attention away from the social impacts of measures, evenwhen measures shape how people understand themselves, their work colleagues,and their organizations. Thus, the epistemological positivism of psychometricsrelates to the negligence of the social effects of metrics. By contrast, a performativeview of numbers allows their epistemic and social-practical dimensions to remaintogether in view, mixing descriptive and pragmatic aspects of measures. We arguethat these effects happen at multiple levels of quantification. First, the level of capture, actors make decisions when and whether to quantify a given psychologicalphenomenon. Second, at the level of specification, the question of how toquantify brings in issues of construct specification and theorization, but also ofsocial inclusion and exclusion. Finally, at the level of appropriation, questionsabout the ownership and use of quantified data involve social and ethical stakesthat are exacerbated in the context of digitalization. By examining the performativityof metrics at these levels, in the context of PTO, we contribute to the socialimpact of epistemology by examining how reconfiguring normally epistemologicaltools as performative reveals the influence of those tools over individuals andorganizations.</p>
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