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            <title xml:lang="en">The random drawing of provinces in Republican and Imperial Rome (227 BCE to 14 CE)</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">provinces</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">provinces : préteurs</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">consuls</term>
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              <p>In Republican and Imperial Rome, chance played an important role, both in the private and the public sphere. While drawing of lots — called sors or sortitio in Latin — was commonly called upon for everyday purposes (in games of chance or magic rituals, for instance), and played an important role in oracular prophesies, the procedure was also used in an official context to assign public offices. We examine here a specific kind of sortition : the random drawing of provinces among consuls and praetors and, after 52 BCE, among former consuls and praetors. This sortition played a strategic role. It allowed indeed the Senate to assign military commands, juridical and judicial missions as well as administrative tasks in Rome and in the Empire among the high-ranking magistrates, while reducing the harmful effects of aristocratic competition. This research aims to restore the legal framework for the drawing by lot of provinces and to show how it evolved from the end of the 3rd century BCE until the reign of Augustus during the 1st century CE. It will then describe how the sortition worked out in practice and the meanings that Roman people attached to this ritual.</p>
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              <p>Dans la Rome républicaine et impériale, le hasard occupait une place importante tant dans la vie quotidienne que dans le fonctionnement des institutions. Le tirage au sort (sors ou sortitio en latin) était ainsi utilisé dans des contextes familiaux et privés (jeux de hasard ou pratiques magiques), dans les sanctuaires oraculaires, mais également dans la sphère civique afin de sélectionner des citoyens ou attribuer des tâches. Cette enquête étudie le tirage au sort utilisé pour répartir les provinces consulaires et prétoriennes entre les consuls et les préteurs en charge et, après 52 av. J.-C., sortis de charge (sortitio prouinciarum). Ce tirage au sort jouait un rôle stratégique dans la mesure où il permettait chaque année de répartir le commandement des armées et les principales tâches juridiques, judiciaires et administratives à Rome et dans l’Empire entre les magistrats curules tout en limitant les effets délétères de la compétition aristocratique. L’enquête débute à l’époque républicaine, plus précisément au IIIe siècle av. J.-C., siècle marqué par l’expansion territoriale de l’Empire et le développement des magistratures, et s’achève à la fin du règne d’Auguste, fondateur du Principat. Deux parties la structurent. La première restitue la législation qui encadrait alors le tirage au sort des provinces et étudie son évolution entre l’époque républicaine et impériale. La seconde analyse la manière dont était effectué, dans la pratique, le rituel du tirage au sort et les significations que lui donnaient les Romains.</p>
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