Ethnic groups' response to the 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia
Jean-Christophe Gaillard
(1)
,
Elsa Clavé
(2)
,
Océane Vibert
(3)
,
- Azhari
(4)
,
- Dedi
(4)
,
Jean-Charles Denain
(5)
,
Yusuf Efendi
(6)
,
Delphine Grancher
(7)
,
Catherine Liamzon
(8)
,
Desi Sofian R. Sari
(9)
,
Ryo Setiawan
(9)
1
PACTE -
Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales
2 CASE - Centre Asie du Sud-Est
3 The Global Disaster Information Network
4 Tikar Pandan
5 GESTER - Gestion des sociétés, des territoires et des risques
6 Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Hamzanwadi
7 LGP - Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels
8 Department of Geography
9 Jurusan Teknik Arsitektur
2 CASE - Centre Asie du Sud-Est
3 The Global Disaster Information Network
4 Tikar Pandan
5 GESTER - Gestion des sociétés, des territoires et des risques
6 Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Hamzanwadi
7 LGP - Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels
8 Department of Geography
9 Jurusan Teknik Arsitektur
Jean-Christophe Gaillard
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 743745
- IdHAL : jc-gaillard
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5487-6997
Delphine Grancher
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 10735
- IdHAL : delphine-grancher
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1107-4964
Résumé
The 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami unfairly hit the different ethnic groups of Aceh, Indonesia. About 170,000 Acehnese and Minangkabau people died in the Northern tip of Sumatra while only 44 Simeulue people passed away in the neighbouring Simeulue island located near the earthquake epicentre. Such a difference in the death toll does not lie in the nature of the hazard but in different human behaviours and ethnic contexts. The present study draws on a contextual framework of analysis where people’s behaviour in the face of natural hazards is deeply influenced by the cultural, social, economic and political context. Questionnaire-based surveys among affected communities, key informant interviews and literature reviews show that the people of Simeulue detected the tsunami very early and then escaped to the mountains. On the other hand, Acehnese and Minangkabau people, respectively in the cities of Banda Aceh and Meulaboh, did not anticipate the phenomenon and were thus caught by the waves. The different behaviours of the victims have been commanded by the existence or the absence of a disaster subculture among affected communities as well as by their capacity to protect themselves in facing the tsunami. People’s behaviours and the capacity to protect oneself can be further tracked down to a deep tangle of intricate factors which include the armed conflict that has been affecting the province since the 1970s, the historical and cultural heritage and the national political economy system. This paper finally argues that the uneven impact of the 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Aceh lies in the different daily life conditions of the ethnic groups struck by the disaster.
Format du dépôt | Notice |
---|---|
Type de dépôt | Article dans une revue |
Titre |
en
Ethnic groups' response to the 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia
|
Résumé |
en
The 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami unfairly hit the different ethnic groups of Aceh, Indonesia. About 170,000 Acehnese and Minangkabau people died in the Northern tip of Sumatra while only 44 Simeulue people passed away in the neighbouring Simeulue island located near the earthquake epicentre. Such a difference in the death toll does not lie in the nature of the hazard but in different human behaviours and ethnic contexts. The present study draws on a contextual framework of analysis where people’s behaviour in the face of natural hazards is deeply influenced by the cultural, social, economic and political context. Questionnaire-based surveys among affected communities, key informant interviews and literature reviews show that the people of Simeulue detected the tsunami very early and then escaped to the mountains. On the other hand, Acehnese and Minangkabau people, respectively in the cities of Banda Aceh and Meulaboh, did not anticipate the phenomenon and were thus caught by the waves. The different behaviours of the victims have been commanded by the existence or the absence of a disaster subculture among affected communities as well as by their capacity to protect themselves in facing the tsunami. People’s behaviours and the capacity to protect oneself can be further tracked down to a deep tangle of intricate factors which include the armed conflict that has been affecting the province since the 1970s, the historical and cultural heritage and the national political economy system. This paper finally argues that the uneven impact of the 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Aceh lies in the different daily life conditions of the ethnic groups struck by the disaster.
|
Auteur(s) |
Jean-Christophe Gaillard
1
, Elsa Clavé
2
, Océane Vibert
3
, - Azhari
4
, - Dedi
4
, Jean-Charles Denain
5
, Yusuf Efendi
6
, Delphine Grancher
7
, Catherine Liamzon
8
, Desi Sofian R. Sari
9
, Ryo Setiawan
9
1
PACTE -
Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales
( 675 )
- Siège : IEP - BP 48 38040 Grenoble cedex 9
- France
2
CASE -
Centre Asie du Sud-Est
( 32826 )
- Campus Condorcet / EHESS
2 Cours des Humanités
93300 Aubervilliers
- France
3
The Global Disaster Information Network
( 48087 )
- États-Unis
4
Tikar Pandan
( 48089 )
- Indonésie
5
GESTER -
Gestion des sociétés, des territoires et des risques
( 48090 )
- Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3
Route de Mende
34199 Montpellier Cedex 5
- France
6
Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Hamzanwadi
( 48091 )
- Indonésie
7
LGP -
Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels
( 1343 )
- 2 rue Henri Dunant
94320 Thiais
- France
8
Department of Geography
( 25577 )
- Philippines
9
Jurusan Teknik Arsitektur
( 48092 )
- Indonésie
|
Comité de lecture |
Oui
|
Vulgarisation |
Non
|
Langue du document |
Anglais
|
Nom de la revue |
|
Audience |
Internationale
|
Date de publication |
2008
|
Volume |
47
|
Numéro |
1
|
Page/Identifiant |
17-38
|
Mots-clés |
en
Earthquake, tsunami, people's response, ethnic groups, disaster subculture, structural constraints, Aceh, Indonesia
|
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