We are interested in the production of lexical-semantic approximations in first vs in second language acquisition. We specifically examine the production of second language learners in comparison with that of autistic children and of persons with Asperger Syndrome which begin learning a second language. To do so, we adopt two scientific avenues of research: the cross-linguistic way and the transpathological way (in both a linguistic and psycholinguistic dimension). Our protocol gives us the opportunity to prove the presence of similar semantic approximations in several languages: Japanese, Vietnamese, Medumba, Russian, Polish, German...Thus, we are in the position to prove the robustness of “lexicalsemantic approximations” as a basic cognitive component in the way that different types of speakers handle lexicalisation processes, whether they are pathological or not.