La réinvention du social dans le Maroc ajusté
Résumé
Reinventing “social issue” in liberalized Morocco.
Facing structural adjustment and economic liberalization, Morocco is politically waking up to the exacerbation of social risks and their possible political consequence. Within a short time, a series of social laws were adopted, first and foremost a new labour law which, in 2003, replaced an older and outdated law inherited from the colonial period. At the same time, various semi-public agencies were established in order to organize aid provided by private sources and volunteer associations to the “needy”.
This study looks at a double development : on the one hand, a legislative process aiming directly at improving social protection of the already somewhat privileged salaried workforce; on the other hand, the less institutionalised and sometimes volatile disbursement of aid funds by governmental agencies and international organizations. This acceleration of social reform is based on the perception that the integration through formal participation to the labour market failed. It is part of the transformation of the role of the Moroccan state and other actors and institutions involved in the formulation of social policies, in a context of depoliticization.
Facing structural adjustment and economic liberalization, Morocco is politically waking up to the exacerbation of social risks and their possible political consequence. Within a short time, a series of social laws were adopted, first and foremost a new labour law which, in 2003, replaced an older and outdated law inherited from the colonial period. At the same time, various semi-public agencies were established in order to organize aid provided by private sources and volunteer associations to the “needy”.
This study looks at a double development : on the one hand, a legislative process aiming directly at improving social protection of the already somewhat privileged salaried workforce; on the other hand, the less institutionalised and sometimes volatile disbursement of aid funds by governmental agencies and international organizations. This acceleration of social reform is based on the perception that the integration through formal participation to the labour market failed. It is part of the transformation of the role of the Moroccan state and other actors and institutions involved in the formulation of social policies, in a context of depoliticization.
Le Maroc de l'ajustement structurel et de la libéralisation économique est le théâtre d'une prise de conscience politique de l'exacerbation des risques sociaux – et de leurs éventuelles conséquences politiques. En l'espace de peu de temps a été adopté un vaste train de lois sociales, au premier chef desquelles un nouveau code du travail en 2003, remplaçant un dispositif vétuste hérité de la période coloniale. Parallèlement, sont créées des institutions para-publiques pour organiser une prise en charge associative et privée de l'aide aux “démunis”. Cet article se propose d'examiner les logiques présidant d'une part à une activité législative directement tournée vers une amélioration de la protection des salariés protégés et d'autre part à des actions d'assistanat ad hoc encouragées tant par les pouvoirs publics que par de grandes institutions internationales. Si cette accélération des réformes sociales se fonde sur l'idée de l'échec de l'intégration par le travail, elle participe d'une redéfinition des rôles de l'État marocain et d'une transformation des configurations d'acteurs et institutions participant à la prise en charge du social, dans un processus de dépolitisation de la question sociale.
Domaines
Science politique
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MCatusse_Reinvention_de_la_question_sociale_au_Maroc.pdf (522.42 Ko)
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