This text, written for a German book on conceptions of school justice offers a reading of changes the approach to justice school in France since 1990 by the Human Sciences Research. It distinguishes three periods. Until the late 1990s, the issue of school justice was treated by the researchers only through the social inequalities of school careers. In the late 90s, the idea emerged that a renewal was necessary, it was necessary to take into account other items, ask the further question of the responsibility of the school itself in the genesis of inequality, and the injustice of inequality. Today, work on the school's justice takes shelter under three rival and partially distinct umbrellas that can be called "equality," "justice," "fairness".