L'histoire de l'art à l'épreuve de l'analyse statistique implicative : l'exemple de la structure iconique de l'image médiévale
Résumé
The use of serial analysis is a current practice in history of art and archaeology. Inmedieval iconography, the researches of Jérôme Baschet have been successful: using bar charts, herecommends for instance the use of statistics to link the frequency of a theme according to periods.Thus, a food of thought about the influence of the context of creation of a work of art at the MiddleAge can appear. Writing a thesis about representations of Christ during the Middle Age, we turned tostatistics to get first hypothesis of works. A problematic on iconic structure, i.e. its internalconstruction, freed itself. More specifically, we want to establish how how the different ways treatingChrist’s figure – iconic reference of the picture – have consequences on iconographic analysis. Thus, itis compulsory to test the connexion between several significants of the picture: the signified followingthe results invalidates, confirms or steers an hypothesis of meaning. Implicative Statistic Analysis(I.S.A.) represents a major asset in these kinds of research. The first work of a database allows a first estimation of the picture. First statistics are made, giving birth to new thought leads. Some variable areselected to be crossed thanks to the application of I.S.A. Through I.S.A., two groups developed. Theyestablished two main kinds of iconic structure, from which the addition of variables make possible theuse of other crossed information. New results encourage and sharpen thought on repercussions onspatial organization of the picture in its meaning.
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