In Central Asia the Neolithic of Jeitun (South-Turkmenia) is well known. However, as the Russian literature suggests, the neolithisation of Central Asia has a great diversity within small regions and shares many technical and economical features between the Mesolithic and the Neolithic. The Neolithic has been studied in the steppe and semiarid zones of Central Asia. These cultures are regarded as « archaic » due to their reliance upon hunting and gathering. New observations are presented here, as a preliminary review of these cultures.