This article benefited from helpful comments at various stages from Martin Abel, Sam Asher, Simone Bertoli, Sebastian Bustos, Michael Clemens, Michele Coscia, Ricardo Hausmann, Elhanan Helpman, Bill Kerr, Michael Kremer, Anna Maria Mayda, Frank Neffke, Paul Novosad, Nathan Nunn, Sandra Poncet, Maurice Schiff, Biagio Speciale, Ernesto Stein, Rodrigo Wagner, Muhammed Yildirim and participants at the 7th International Conference on Migration and Development at Oxford University and at seminars at Harvard Economics Department, Harvard Kennedy School, Paris School of Economics, Inter‐American Development Bank, Georgetown University Economics Department, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Bar Ilan University. We are also grateful to two anonymous referees for their suggestions. All errors are our own. Rapoport acknowledges support from the program Investissements d'Avenir (ANR‐10‐LABX‐93).