The emergence of territorial energy transition policies is an evolving phenomenon, explained by, on one hand, a growing role of local and regional authorities in the control of local energy resources and the fight against climate change; on the other hand, a growing desire on the part of local authorities, enterprises and households, to better control their energy and to become themselves local energy producers. In our paper, we hypothesize that the territorial nature of energy transition policies is not simply linked to the pre-existence of differential resources endowments, but rather to emerging organization and structuring of the resources by local actors. Our article is based on research, funded by the French Energy Council, with the cross analysis of three European cases: Grenoble (France), Bristol (United Kingdom) and Freiburg-Im-Breisgau (Germany).