This study deals with the relationships between the French connoisseurship and the Kingdom of Naples in building of one of the most modern archeological policies in Europe under Joseph Bonaparte and Joachim Murat's reigns. It makes us look at the Antiquity through the prism of the XIX Century, trying at the same time to answer today’s questions of Art History about the archeological proveniences and the faith of the ancient artifacts discovered in those years. I focus here the study on some examples of the “flexible” behavior of the King and his government towards excavations and ancient painted vases. This leads us back to the discoveries and the history of archeological sites in the south of Italy during the years 1806-1815 by exploring ancient and unpublished archives. Their systematic sorting gives new information on the History of excavations and allows sometimes finding out the lost provenance of ancient vases, today conserved in several museums in Europe. With this original sources crossing, I aimed at offering a more complete vision of Naples during the French Decade by broadening the knowledge on the Southern Italian archeological History.