The final chapter of Language Learning and Leisure summarises the contents of the book under 6 headings: language, learning, informality, learner characteristics, activities and engagement, before examining the methodological orientations that emerge from this collection of chapters regarding future research into this area. Finally, it recalls the opportunities and challenges of research into informal additional language development, suggesting not only that such studies should contribute to a comprehensive understanding of these phenomena, but also that informal and leisure-based learning cannot be ignored when studying other aspects of second language acquisition.