Abstract This chapter analyses the interaction between transnational economic mobilization between Europe and Morocco, on the one hand, and diaspora policies deployed in Morocco on the other hand. The objective is to better understand how transnational economic exchanges contribute to redefining the links between home societies and emigrant communities while at the same time redefining the latter as diasporas. These processes lie at the crossroads of new migration dynamics, new modes of economic action among emigrant communities and new State responses to these demands. Dwelling on the authors’ previous research on Moroccans in Europe and on a new project conducted in three Moroccan administrative regions (Oriental, Beni-Mellal-Khenifra and Souss Massa), the paper looks more particularly at how diaspora policies are being formulated at sub-state level and thus providing insights into how the transnational economic mobilization of Moroccan diasporic entrepreneurs is institutionally channeled.