Territorializing the sea: equilibrium, seaward projection, and seaward exposure of world countries
Résumé
According to the International Court of Justice, "the land rules the sea". This legal principle reflects a more general conceptual asymmetry: concepts to describe marine entities are molded on land-based concepts. In this paper we consider the notion of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ), and we carry to the extreme consequences the idea that EEZs are full-blown territories. We define several indexes based on a territorial reading of EEZ (land-sea Equilibrium, Marine Population Density, marine Projection and marine Exposure) to investigate different imbalances between world countries. The main results are that these imbalances, whenever present, are due to a complex of historical contingencies, geographic contingencies, and the features of the basic algorithm for calculating EEZs' shapes and extents. These factors bring about the fact that the imbalances under study do not in general track existing power imbalances.
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