"Despite devolution, the United Kingdom possesses no mechanism to represent its four nations at the state level. Consequently, some peripheral actors use their state representative positions to ‘stand up’ for Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland. This paper explores this paradox by focussing on the descriptive and substantive representation of Wales in the Commons and the Cabinet between 1945 and 2019. We demonstrate that only one-third of Welsh backbenchers still adopt a role of ‘regional ambassador’ and that Welsh ministers tend to adopt the role of ‘state agent’. This research ratifies the radical disconnection between central and sub-state politics since devolution."