The study of Neolithic phenomena in Central Asia presents a significant challenge, given the diversity and complexity of Neolithisation processes that have been identified. This is especially so when one considers the original characteristics of these “Neolithic” societies, which diverge from the models commonly accepted, such as in the Near East region. Thus, there are not one but several “Neolithics” in Central Asia, each with its own distinctive cultural, economic, cognitive and probably symbolic dynamics. An overview of the defining characteristics of these Neolithic trajectories, relating to various Neolithisation processes that originated at the end of the Pleistocene, will provide insight into the emergence of a specific cultural geography, ranging from steppes to oases, which became evident in Central Asia at later periods. In most cases, foraging appears to be on ongoing lifeway, but with a focus on targeted resources or ecological areas. The introduction of productive elements remains limited or occurs later, given the long duration of these Neolithisation processes. However, beyond the economic aspects, it is also important to consider the strategies adopted to establish control over a chosen territory, particularly in terms of mobility, and the reasons underlying these choices. In addition, a further key to a more comprehensive understanding of the early Holocene societies in Central Asia lies in the examination of the relationships and interactions between different communities.