The Needs of the Many Do Not Outweigh the Needs of the Few
Mark Sheskin
,
Coralie Chevallier
(1)
,
Kuniko Adachi
,
Renatas Berniūnas
,
Thomas Castelain
,
Martin Hulín
,
Hillary Lenfesty
,
Denis Regnier
(2)
,
Anikó Sebestény
,
Nicolas Baumard
(3)
Mark Sheskin
- Fonction : Auteur
Coralie Chevallier
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 916167
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7358-4962
- IdRef : 153371595
Kuniko Adachi
- Fonction : Auteur
Renatas Berniūnas
- Fonction : Auteur
Thomas Castelain
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 762057
- IdRef : 114670870
Martin Hulín
- Fonction : Auteur
Hillary Lenfesty
- Fonction : Auteur
Denis Regnier
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1039138
Anikó Sebestény
- Fonction : Auteur
Résumé
A long tradition of research in WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic) countries has investigated how people weigh individual welfare versus group welfare in their moral judgments. Relatively less research has investigated the generalizability of results across non-WEIRD populations. In the current study, we ask participants across nine diverse cultures (Bali, Costa Rica, France, Guatemala, Japan, Madagascar, Mongolia, Serbia, and the USA) to make a series of moral judgments regarding both third-party sacrifice for group welfare and first-person sacrifice for group welfare. In addition to finding some amount of cross-cultural variation on most of our questions, we also find two cross-culturally consistent judgments: (1) when individuals are in equivalent situations, overall welfare should be maximized, and (2) harm to individuals should be taken into account, and some types of individual harm can trump overall group welfare. We end by discussing the specific pattern of variable and consistent features in the context of evolutionary theories of the evolution of morality.
Domaines
Anthropologie sociale et ethnologieFormat du dépôt | Notice |
---|---|
Type de dépôt | Article dans une revue |
Titre |
en
The Needs of the Many Do Not Outweigh the Needs of the Few
|
Sous-Titre |
en
The Limits of Individual Sacrifice across Diverse Cultures
|
Résumé |
en
A long tradition of research in WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic) countries has investigated how people weigh individual welfare versus group welfare in their moral judgments. Relatively less research has investigated the generalizability of results across non-WEIRD populations. In the current study, we ask participants across nine diverse cultures (Bali, Costa Rica, France, Guatemala, Japan, Madagascar, Mongolia, Serbia, and the USA) to make a series of moral judgments regarding both third-party sacrifice for group welfare and first-person sacrifice for group welfare. In addition to finding some amount of cross-cultural variation on most of our questions, we also find two cross-culturally consistent judgments: (1) when individuals are in equivalent situations, overall welfare should be maximized, and (2) harm to individuals should be taken into account, and some types of individual harm can trump overall group welfare. We end by discussing the specific pattern of variable and consistent features in the context of evolutionary theories of the evolution of morality.
|
Auteur(s) |
Mark Sheskin
, Coralie Chevallier
1
, Kuniko Adachi
, Renatas Berniūnas
, Thomas Castelain
, Martin Hulín
, Hillary Lenfesty
, Denis Regnier
2
, Anikó Sebestény
, Nicolas Baumard
3
1
LNC2 -
Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives & Computationnelles
( 81517 )
- 46 rue d'Ulm
75230 Paris Cedex 05
- France
2
EASTCO -
Sociétés Traditionnelles et Contemporaines en Océanie (EA 4241)
( 216964 )
- BP 6570 * 98702 FAA'A * Tahiti * Polynésie française
- Polynésie française
3
IJN -
Institut Jean-Nicod
( 1273 )
- Pavillon Jardin 29, rue d'Ulm 75005 Paris
- France
|
Langue du document |
Anglais
|
Nom de la revue |
|
Vulgarisation |
Non
|
Comité de lecture |
Oui
|
Audience |
Internationale
|
Date de publication |
2018-03-28
|
Volume |
18
|
Numéro |
1-2
|
Page/Identifiant |
205-223
|
URL éditeur |
https://brill.com/abstract/journals/jocc/18/1-2/article-p205_10.xml
|
Domaine(s) |
|
Projet(s) ANR |
|
Mots-clés |
en
Moral judgment, Moral psychology, Evolution, Fairness, Welfare tradeoffs
|
DOI | 10.1163/15685373-12340026 |
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