CONTEXT: Fostering diversity within agricultural systems can substantially contribute to improved food security among smallholder farmers. Agroforestry parklands are diverse agricultural landscapes where trees can provide an array of ecosystem services. Previous studies analyzing the agricultural landscape diversity-food security nexus in agroforestry parklands have only considered tree cover. OBJECTIVE: We propose an original empirical approach that combines the analysis of spatial data on agricultural landscape diversity with agricultural field monitoring and household surveys. These three sources of data were used to scrutinize the direct and indirect contributions of agricultural landscape diversity to food availability and food access. METHODS: Millet yield was used as a proxy for food availability, and household food access was approximated using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) indicator. Two contrasted agroforestry parklands of Central Senegal were chosen as case studies. Firstly, we used a Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) algorithm to disentangle the relative contribution of landscape diversity, biophysical and crop management variables in explaining millet yield variability. Secondly, we investigated the pathways linking agricultural landscape di-versity to HFIAS using a Correlation Network Analysis (CNA). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The GBM model explained 77% and 84% of millet yield variability for the two parklands, respectively, with landscape diversity variables accounting for 53% and 47% of relative influence. Among the landscape diversity variables, tree species richness and tree density were the most important ones. Millet yield was positively associated with tree density in the Nioro site until a threshold of 5 trees/ha, and with tree species richness in the two sites. The CNA showed that greater tree cover and larger tree patches were moderately correlated with HFIAS. This suggests that tree species with large crown, as it the case for most fruit bearing tree species in the region, are the main species contributing directly to food access. Agricultural land-scape diversity contributed mainly indirectly to household food access through an "agroecological pathway", i.e. by the provision of ecosystem services regulating and supporting crop production. SIGNIFICANCE: Using an integrated landscape approach relying on up-to-date remote sensing data and recent advances in data analysis methods, our study shows that tree species diversity matters as much as the amount of tree cover for the production of food, and it can contribute to improve food security. We bring a more nuanced picture of the contribution of agricultural landscape diversity to food security suggesting that land management policies supporting food security should consider both tree density and tree species diversity to optimize the co -benefits of trees for the different food security dimensions.
Exploring the agricultural landscape diversity-food security nexus: an analysis in two contrasted parklands of Central Senegal
Résumé
en
CONTEXT: Fostering diversity within agricultural systems can substantially contribute to improved food security among smallholder farmers. Agroforestry parklands are diverse agricultural landscapes where trees can provide an array of ecosystem services. Previous studies analyzing the agricultural landscape diversity-food security nexus in agroforestry parklands have only considered tree cover. OBJECTIVE: We propose an original empirical approach that combines the analysis of spatial data on agricultural landscape diversity with agricultural field monitoring and household surveys. These three sources of data were used to scrutinize the direct and indirect contributions of agricultural landscape diversity to food availability and food access. METHODS: Millet yield was used as a proxy for food availability, and household food access was approximated using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) indicator. Two contrasted agroforestry parklands of Central Senegal were chosen as case studies. Firstly, we used a Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) algorithm to disentangle the relative contribution of landscape diversity, biophysical and crop management variables in explaining millet yield variability. Secondly, we investigated the pathways linking agricultural landscape di-versity to HFIAS using a Correlation Network Analysis (CNA). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The GBM model explained 77% and 84% of millet yield variability for the two parklands, respectively, with landscape diversity variables accounting for 53% and 47% of relative influence. Among the landscape diversity variables, tree species richness and tree density were the most important ones. Millet yield was positively associated with tree density in the Nioro site until a threshold of 5 trees/ha, and with tree species richness in the two sites. The CNA showed that greater tree cover and larger tree patches were moderately correlated with HFIAS. This suggests that tree species with large crown, as it the case for most fruit bearing tree species in the region, are the main species contributing directly to food access. Agricultural land-scape diversity contributed mainly indirectly to household food access through an "agroecological pathway", i.e. by the provision of ecosystem services regulating and supporting crop production. SIGNIFICANCE: Using an integrated landscape approach relying on up-to-date remote sensing data and recent advances in data analysis methods, our study shows that tree species diversity matters as much as the amount of tree cover for the production of food, and it can contribute to improve food security. We bring a more nuanced picture of the contribution of agricultural landscape diversity to food security suggesting that land management policies supporting food security should consider both tree density and tree species diversity to optimize the co -benefits of trees for the different food security dimensions.
Auteur(s)
L. Leroux1, 2
, N.F. Faye3
, C. Jahel4, 5
, G.N. Falconnier1, 5
, A.A. Diouf6
, B. Ndao6
, I. Tiaw6
, Y. Senghor3
, G. Kanfany3
, A. Balde7
, M. Dieye4
, Sirdey Ninon8, 5, 3
, S. Alobo Loison
, M. Corbeels1, 2
, F. Baudron9
, Emmanuelle Bouquet8, 5
1
UPR AIDA -
Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles
( 526954 )
- Unité de recherche Aïda
TA B-115 / 02
34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
- France
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement 115 ( 11574 )
2
Cirad-PERSYST -
Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux
( 94474 )
- Avenue Agropolis TA B-DIR / 09 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
- France
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( 11574 )
3
ISRA -
Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar]
( 427299 )
- Rte des hydrocarbures, Dakar
- Sénégal
4
UMR TETIS -
Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale
( 1002492 )
- Maison de la télédétection - 500 rue Jean-François Breton - 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5
- France
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement UMR91 ( 11574 )
;
AgroParisTech ( 148117 )
;
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR9000 ( 441569 )
;
Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement UMR1470 ( 577435 )
5
Cirad-ES -
Département Environnements et Sociétés
( 420902 )
- Campus international de Baillarguet TA C-DIR / B 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
- France
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( 11574 )
6
CSE -
Centre de Suivi Ecologique [Dakar]
( 1041121 )
- Fann résidence, Rue Léon Gontran Damas, Dakar
- Sénégal
7
Sodagri [Dakar]
( 1049545 )
- Dakar
- Sénégal
8
UMR MoISA -
Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences)
( 1096430 )
- INRAE - Campus Supagro Montpellier
2 place Viala
34060 MONTPELLIER CEDEX 2
- France
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( 11574 )
;
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( 67872 )
;
Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier ( 455595 )
;
Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes ( 302069 )
;
Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement UMR1110 ( 577435 )
;
Institut Agro Montpellier ( 1096330 )
;
Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement ( 1042499 )
9
CIMMYT -
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center [Bangladesh]
( 559461 )
- Dhaka
- Bangladesh
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center ( 239583 )
;
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] ( 300980 )
Public visé
Scientifique
Numéro d'article
103312
Sous-type de document pour les Articles
Research article
Langue du document
Anglais
Nom de la revue
Agricultural Systems
(ISSN : 0308-521X)
Publié par Elsevier Masson
Revue non référencée dans Sherpa-Romeo
Volume
196
Page/Identifiant
15 p.
Date de publication
2022-02
Audience
Internationale
Vulgarisation
Non
Comité de lecture
Oui
Licence
Paternité - Pas d'utilisation commerciale
Domaine(s)
Sciences de l'Homme et Société
Financement
This study was supported by the SERENA project funded by the Cirad-INRA metaprogramme GloFoodS and the LYSA project (DAR-TOSCA 4800001089) funded by the French Space Agency. Sentinel-2 data were obtained from the Theia processing center at CNES (https://theia.cnes.fr/atdistrib/rocket).
L. Leroux, N.F. Faye, C. Jahel, G.N. Falconnier, A.A. Diouf, et al.. Exploring the agricultural landscape diversity-food security nexus: an analysis in two contrasted parklands of Central Senegal. Agricultural Systems, 2022, 196, 15 p. ⟨10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103312⟩. ⟨hal-03553855⟩