La Francophonie océanienne
Résumé
The French–Speaking Community of insular Oceania is composed of only four
members, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Vanuatu and Wallis-and-Futuna, that are
scattered between Melanesia ans Polynesia. The French language does not play the role
of a lingua franca, since oral communication between the different groups, clans and
kingdoms is achieved by the use of several dozens of Melanesian and Polynesian
indigenous languages, to which can be added the languages of the Asian minorities as
well as English and Bichlamar (Creole from Vanuatu). The endogenous dynamics and
solidarities of this French-Speaking unit are very limited. Vanuatu, with its rather mediocre
human development, is a good example. If the existence of an Oceanian French-Speaking
Community is due more to a coincidence of history and geography, does it reveal for as
much a true aspiration of its inhabitants to share a common colonial heritage ?
members, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Vanuatu and Wallis-and-Futuna, that are
scattered between Melanesia ans Polynesia. The French language does not play the role
of a lingua franca, since oral communication between the different groups, clans and
kingdoms is achieved by the use of several dozens of Melanesian and Polynesian
indigenous languages, to which can be added the languages of the Asian minorities as
well as English and Bichlamar (Creole from Vanuatu). The endogenous dynamics and
solidarities of this French-Speaking unit are very limited. Vanuatu, with its rather mediocre
human development, is a good example. If the existence of an Oceanian French-Speaking
Community is due more to a coincidence of history and geography, does it reveal for as
much a true aspiration of its inhabitants to share a common colonial heritage ?
La communauté francophone de l'Océanie insulaire se limite à quatre membres, la Nouvelle-Calédonie, la Polynésie française, le Vanuatu et Wallis-et-Futuna, dispersés entre la Mélanésie et la Polynésie. La langue française ne joue pas un rôle de lingua franca puisque ce sont plusieurs dizaines de langues autochtones mélanésiennes et polynésiennes, auxquelles on peut ajouter les langues des minorités asiatiques ainsi que l'anglais et le bichlamar (créole du Vanuatu), qui assurent la communication orale entre les différents groupes, clans et royaumes. Les solidarités et les dynamiques endogènes de ce groupe francophone sont finalement très limitées. Le Vanuatu, avec son développement humain moyen, est là pour le rappeler. Si la francophonie océanienne doit plus son existence au hasard de l'histoire et de la géographie, révèle-t-elle pour autant une véritable aspiration de ses habitants à partager un héritage colonial commun ?
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