The issue of voting rights for foreign residents is not very new in western democracies, and it is still on the agenda in several European countries. In France, it has been a controversial debate for more than 30 years. This paper aims to set out the main stakes of this debate in France, where not only the place and the status of immigrants are debated, but also, and perhaps more importantly, the main definition of democracy in France is at stake. It summerizes the main issues of the topic : theoretical issues, European Citizenship and immigration and postcolonial issues, Constitution and Law issues, and eventually provides the political scenarios.