PLANNING PROCESS, BETWEEN EXPERT PROJECT AND COLLECTIVE ACTION
Résumé
The content of this paper concerns some recent evolutions of the planning process in France. Analyzing two study cases, we'll show that today, two types of process are coexisting and, in a way, confronting. The first one corresponds to the "classic" plan for which the project is the principal stage of a linear process. This linear plan is organized by two dominant actors, the contractor and the project manager. For the second, the project is not the main phase of a circular process which contains five main steps. This second emerging type questions the expert as the only authorized actor to establish the project. The project itself becomes second in regard to the definition of the term of the situation and the emergence of some "collectives of action" including all civil society. The described evolution is not yet the object of a precise knowledge which participates of the construction of project sciences. Our approach aims to contribute to project sciences
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