Agricultures familiales de front pionnier amazonien : la sédentarisation en question
Résumé
In the Amazonian context, some authors analyze the evolution of the agricultural frontier as a pre-determinated dynamic: the stabilization of the frontier, which has been colonized by the family farmers, would repeat the Brazilian model of land tenure, with the domination of big proprieties and the marginalization of family farming. This paper is based on the hypothesis that the stabilization of the frontier depends on sedentarization strategies of the farmers: alongside public politics and the economic context, examining migration choices of family farmers is essential to understanding the type of frontier stabilization occurring. Those strategies can not be seen as an economically rationalistic comportment, but depends on the reproduction logics of the families. This paper focuses on the migrations of the farmers' sons in the Transamazonian frontier in order to reveal the strategies of their families' mobility, and their complex relations with the space and the society. Concluding with a statistical analysis showing that there is no factor explaining the whole migrations of the sons, I present a qualitative analysis in order to establish a typology of farmer families according to their mobility practices; and I attempt to map this typology to show its importance in different localities over 30 years. Finally, I point out that the stabilization of the frontier which is occurring is closely linked with the families' strategies, and that the debate on sedentarization requires a more complex model of the relations between social organization and land.
Les projets de développement durable tentent d'associer les populations locales à leurs actions. Pourtant, des études montrent que de nombreux projets échouent faute d'une articulation avec les stratégies de ces acteurs. Cet article montre que, dans le cadre d'un front pionnier agricole, les stratégies des agriculteurs sont variables. Pour être comprises, elles doivent prendre en compte non pas les conditions agronomiques du milieu ou le contexte économique, mais les objectifs de reproduction sociale de ces agriculteurs. Or ces objectifs renvoient, en dernière analyse, aux logiques de groupes sociaux fondés autour de la famille et fonctionnant de manière fondamentalement différente. Ces différentes logiques peuvent expliquer les échecs de projets de développement qui s'adressent à des agriculteurs modèles, ainsi que les configurations territoriales observées dans les localités ayant succédé aux fronts pionniers.
Domaines
Géographie| Origine | Fichiers éditeurs autorisés sur une archive ouverte |
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