The present study aims to evaluate the contribution of the large scale production and use of biodiesel to the promotion of sustainable development. The study identifies potential risks for social inclusion, global environmental development, conservation of biodiversity and contribution to energy independence. The study analyses the present stage of production and use of biodiesel, based on secondary data and using the dimensions of sustainable development as the theoretical reference. Risks and alternative options for biodiesel as a sustainable fuel were analyzed. The suitability of adaptation of oilseed crops to climatic changes was also analyzed. Based on the analysis, the study suggests a series of recommendations to the formulators of public policies